井上下微震联合监测震源垂直定位精度优化研究  

Study on optimization of vertical location accuracy of seismic source based on joint monitoring of surface and underground micro-seismic monitoring

作　　者：徐刚[1,2] 陈法兵 张振金[3] 王元杰 李岩 陆闯[1,2] 路洋波 XU Gang;CHEN Fabing;ZHANG Zhenjin;WANG Yuanjie;LI Yan;LU Chuang;LU Yangbo(Coal Mining&Designing Department,Tiandi Science&Technology Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100013,China;China Coal Technology and Industry Group Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100013,China;Inner Mongolia Yitai Groap Co.,Ltd.,Erdos 017000,China)

机构地区：[1]天地科技股份有限公司开采设计事业部,北京100013 [2]中国煤炭科工集团有限公司,北京100013 [3]内蒙古伊泰集团有限公司,内蒙古鄂尔多斯,017000

出　　处：《煤炭科学技术》2020年第2期80-88,共9页Coal Science and Technology

基　　金：天地科技股份有限公司科技创新创业资金专项资助项目(2018-TD-ZD007)

摘　　要：震源垂直定位位置是煤矿冲击地压机理研究的重要基础数据,对冲击地压灾害的监测与防治研究具有重要意义。对于近水平煤层工作面,由于各微震台站之间高差较小,导致在进行震源定位计算时,震源参数的偏微分矩阵接近奇异,迭代计算无法收敛到准确解。对台站合理高差和无高差两种情况下的煤矿微震台网进行仿真模拟,结果表明当台网内台站处于同一水平面时,震源垂直位置的定位误差较大。为了解决这个难题,笔者在井下微震监测台站的基础上,增加了地面微震监测台站,形成井上下联合监测台网,有效优化了微震监测台网的空间结构,尤其是台站在垂直方向上的分布效果。对红庆河的微震数据进行分析可知对于2次方的微震事件,井上下联合监测系统的监测效能可达90%,3次方及以上的微震事件可达100%。通过对比10组井下断顶爆破引发的微震事件数据,发现井下微震监测系统定位结果基本位于煤层上方30 m的封孔范围内,井上下微震联合监测系统定位结果基本位于煤层上方30~60 m的爆破孔装药长度范围内;与单纯利用井下监测台站的定位结果相比,井上下微震联合监测系统的定位结果普遍距离真实震源更近,表明地面监测台站的加入有效提高了震源的垂直定位精度,解决了近水平煤层微震事件垂直定位误差较大的问题。The vertical position of the seismic source is an important basic data for studying the mechanism of coal mine rock burst,which is of great significance for the monitoring and prevention of rock burst disaster. For the near-level coal seam working face,due to the small height difference between the microseismic stations,the partial differential matrix of the source parameters is nearly singular when the source location calculation is performed,and the iterative calculation cannot converge to an accurate solution. By using the optimization numerical simulation technology,the coal mine microseismic network is simulated under the conditions of reasonable height difference and no height difference of the station shows that the positioning error of the vertical position of the source is large when the stations in the network are in the same horizontal plane. In order to solve this problem,the ground microseismic monitoring stations are added on the basis of the underground microseismic monitoring to form a joint monitoring network,effectively optimizing the spatial structure of the microseismic monitoring network,especially the vertical direction of the stations. Monitoring effectiveness of common monitoring can reach to 90% for the event of 10~2;Monitoring effectiveness of common monitoring can reach to 100% for the event of 10~3 and more;By comparing the data of microseismic events caused by 10 groups of downhole top blasting,it is found that the positioning results of the underground microseismic monitoring system are basically located within the sealing range of 30 m above the coal seam,while locations of common monitoring network are within 30 m-60 m from blasting above the coal seam. Compared with the positioning results using the downhole monitoring stations alone,the positioning results of the combined microseismic monitoring system above and below the well are generally closer to the true source,indicating that the addition of ground monitoring stations effectively improves the vertical positioning of the sou

关 键 词：近水平煤层 微震监测 震源 垂直定位精度 

分 类 号：TD324[矿业工程—矿井建设]