长江野鲤(Cyprinus carpio)及两种养殖鲤群体遗传多样性评估  

Genetic Diversity Assessment between Changjiang Wild and Two Cultured Populations of Cyprinus carpio

作　　者：吴明林[1] 侯冠军[1] 李海洋[1] 蒋阳阳[1] 季索菲[1] 高远 张智勇 Wu Minglin;Hou Guanjun;Li Haiyang;Jiang Yangyang;Ji Suofei;Gao Yuan;Zhang Zhiyong(Fisheries Research Institute,Anhui Academy of Agricultural S&ences,Hefei,230031;Anhui Wanshuiyuan Aquaculture Technology Co.Ltd.,Suzhou,234000)

机构地区：[1]安徽省农业科学院水产研究所,合肥230031 [2]安徽万水源水产养殖科技有限公司,宿州234000

出　　处：《基因组学与应用生物学》2020年第1期70-78,共9页Genomics and Applied Biology

基　　金：安徽省面上攻关项目(1704a07020074);安徽省水产产业技术体系(AHCYJSTX-08);国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-45);安徽省农业科学院学科建设项目(17A0515)共同资助。

摘　　要：为了给鲤鱼遗传资源保护及利用提供较为准确的基础数据,利用10对微卫星标记分析了黄河鲤(Huanghe Cyprinus carpio,人工养殖群体)、长江野鲤(Changjiang wild Cyprinus carpio,安徽段)、安徽养殖鲤(Anhui cultured Cyprinus carpio,宿州市)群体遗传多样性。遗传多样性分析实验表明:3个群体均具有较高的遗传水平,且长江野鲤群体遗传多样性高于黄河鲤、安徽养殖鲤;卡方检验表明:3个群体在较大程度上受到人类活动及生态环境变化的影响,30个位点中76.67%的位点显著偏离Hardy-Weinberg平衡。遗传距离、遗传相似度、非加权组平均法(unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic means,UPGMA)聚类树及贝叶斯聚类分析均显示,长江野鲤与安徽养殖鲤亲缘关系较近,研究情况与实际生产中养殖户从长江里获得鲤鱼亲本用于繁殖苗种的现象相符。突变-漂移平衡分析显示,在TPM模式下,Wilcoxon符号秩次检验中黄河鲤群体显著偏离突变-漂移平衡,需进一步扩大选育群体。总体来说,黄河鲤、长江野鲤、安徽养殖鲤群体遗传多样性均较高,具有进一步的选育空间。To provide more accurate basic data for protecting and utilizing the genetic resources of Cyprinus carpio,the genetic diversity of three Cyprinus carpio populations(Huanghe Cyprinus carpio,Changjiang wild Cyprinus carpio,Anhui cultured Cyprinus carpio) was analyzed by using ten microsatellite markers.The results showed that the three populations all had high genetic diversity.The genetic diversity in Changjiang wild population was relatively higher compared with the Huanghe and Anhui cultured Cyprinus carpio.Chi-square test revealed the three populations were greatly influenced by human activities and ecological environment changes and76.67% loci in thirty loci were significant deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.Genetic distance,genetic similarity,UPGMA cluster tree,and bayesian clustering analysis all presented the relationship between Changjiang wild and Anhui cultured Cyprinus carpio was closer.The result was agreeable with practical process.In TPM pattern,Wilcoxon sign-rank test showed Huanghe population was significant deviation from mutation-drift equilibrium.It meant that the breeding population of Huanghe Cyprinus carpio should be further expanded.In general,the genetic diversity of three Cyprinus carpio populations is high,which provides space for further breeding.

关 键 词：鲤 遗传多样性 微卫星 

分 类 号：S917.4[农业科学—水产科学]