中国水产品对外贸易比较优势的动态变化研究  

Dynamic Change of Comparative Advantage of China Aquatic Product Foreign Trade

作　　者：邵桂兰[1] 张先斐 李晨[1,2] SHAO Guilan;ZHANG Xianfei;LI Chen(School of Economics,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266100,China;1nstitute of Ocean Development,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266100,China)

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学经济学院,山东青岛266100 [2]中国海洋大学海洋发展研究院,山东青岛266100

出　　处：《山东财经大学学报》2020年第2期46-57,共12页Journal of Shandong University of Finance and Economics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“我国海洋渔业经济低碳化实现机制研究”(11BJY064);山东省社会科学规划研究项目重大理论与实践问题研究专项“山东省海洋经济新旧动能接续转换研究”(18CSJJ01);山东省自然科学基金项目“基于技术溢出的山东省海洋战略性新兴产业创新驱动机制研究”(ZR2016GQ05)

摘　　要：采用联合国贸易数据库SITC编码5位数贸易数据,基于对称显示性比较优势指数、技术复杂度指数和出口产品单位价值,创新地对中国水产品对外贸易比较优势的动态变化进行逐一研究,并通过Quah分布动态法对出口贸易中水产品附加值及比较优势的流动性进行了实证分析。结果表明:2000-2016年期间,中国水产品比较优势呈现较强的流动性,比较优势总体呈下降趋势,至2016年,中国仅有44.68%的出口水产品具有比较优势;同时,中国水产品形成新的比较优势的概率较低,17年间有15%的水产品失去了比较优势,且劣势水产品的比较优势尚未得到改善;目前中国具有比较优势的水产品大多为低技术含量、中低质量的初级水产品,水产品附加值的升级转换进程缓慢。据此,建议中国要统筹国际和国内两个市场,建立多元稳定的进出口渠道;改变粗放的生产经营方式,积极开发中高端加工制品;加强质量管理,优化水产品养殖结构。By adopting the UN trade database SITC to encode 5-digit trade data and based on symmetric display comparative advantage index,technical complexity index and export product unit value,this paper innovatively studies the dynamic changes of the comparative advantage of China aquatic product foreign trade one by one,and conducts an empirical analysis of the added value of water products in export trade and the liquidity of comparative advantage by Quah dynamic distribution method.The results show that from 2000 to 2016,the comparative advantage of China aquatic products shows a strong liquidity while the overall comparative advantage shows a downward trend.By 2016,only 44.68%of China export aquatic products have a comparative advantage,and meanwhile the probability of China aquatic products forming new comparative advantages is relatively low.In the past 17 years,15%of the aquatic products lost their comparative advantage and the comparative advantage of inferior aquatic products have not been improved.At present,most of the aquatic products with comparative advantages in China are low-tech and low-quality primary aquatic products,and the upgrading and transformation process of aquatic products’added value is slow.Accordingly,it is suggested that China should coordinate international and domestic markets,establish diversified and stable import and export channels,change the extensive production and operation mode,actively develop middle and high-end processed products,strengthen quality management,and optimize aquaculture structure.

关 键 词：水产品对外贸易 比较优势 动态变化 Quah分布动态法 

分 类 号：F752.6[经济管理—国际贸易]