凤鲚染色体核型研究  

Karyotype of Coilia mystus

作　　者：蒋俊 庄平[2,3] 宋超 赵峰[1,2,3] 周丽青 耿智[2,3] 郝长杰 张涛[2,3] JIANG Jun;ZHUANG Ping;SONG Chao;ZHAO Feng;ZHOU Li-qing;GENG Zhi;HAO Chang-jie;ZHANG Tao(College of Fishery and Life Sciences,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Shanghai 200090,China;Key Science Observing and Experimental Station of Fisheries Resource and Environment in the Yangtze Estuary and East China Sea,Ministry of Agriculture of China,Shanghai 200090,China;Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Qingdao Shandong 266071,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学水产与生命学院,上海201306 [2]中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所,上海200090 [3]农业农村部东海与长江口渔业资源环境科学观测实验站,上海200090 [4]中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所,山东青岛266071

出　　处：《海洋渔业》2020年第1期45-52,共8页Marine Fisheries

基　　金：上海市科技兴农重点攻关项目(2017-02-08-00-07-F00075);农业部财政专项(2130135-探捕);国家重点研发计划课题(2018YFD0900802);黄海水产研究所基本科研业务费(20603022018004)。

摘　　要：为了解凤鲚(Coilia mystus)染色体数量和核型结构,以上海市临港近岸的1~2龄性成熟凤鲚为材料,采用鳃丝细胞进行短期离体培养方法制备染色体标本,对凤鲚染色体核型进行了研究。结果表明,凤鲚雌雄染色体数量存在差异,雌性染色体数目为2n=47,雄性染色体数目为2n=48;核型公式为2n(♀)=47 t,2n(♂)=48 t;雌性染色体臂数(NF)=47,雄性NF=48。雄性凤鲚染色体相对长度范围为(2.66±0.27)^(5.54±0.25),雌性凤鲚染色体相对长度范围为(2.83±0.32)^(5.70±0.38),雌雄凤鲚的染色体相对长度不存在显著差异(P>0.05),各相邻两对染色体之间相对长度无明显差异(P>0.05)。在凤鲚的染色体中,最长的一对染色体上存在随体,次缢痕。凤鲚存在性染色体,其性染色体类型为ZO/ZZ型。In recent years,the quantity of Coilia mystus resources has been seriously reduced,so it is urgent to study the protection of C.mystus germplasm resources.In order to understand the number and karyotype structure of C.mystus,the cytogenetic data of C.mystus were supplemented,and the basis was laid for the protection of the genetic resources and genetic breeding of C.mystus,this study collected silk of sexually mature individuals with the age of 1 to 2 years old as the materials from Shanghai Lingang inshore.The C.mystus chromosomes karyotype was studied based on the operation process of colchicine pre-treatment,hypotonic treatment,fixation,dissociation,thermal treatment and dyeing.The results showed that chromosome from the male and female C.mystus were different.The female C.mystus had 47 chromosomes in the diploid and the karyotype formula was 2n=47t,and the male C.mystus had 48 chromosomes in the diploid and the karyotype formula was 2n=48t.The female chromosome number of arms(NF)was 47,and that of male was 48.The relative length of male C.mystus chromosome was in the range of 2.66±0.27 to 5.54±0.25,while the relative length of female C.mystus chromosome was in the range of 2.83±0.32 to 5.70±0.38.There was no significant difference(P>0.05)in relative length of chromosome between male and female C.mystus,and there was also no significant difference(P>0.05)in the relative length between each two adjacent pairs of chromosomes.The longest pair of chromosomes had follows and subconstriction in the chromosome of C.mystus.C.mystus had sex chromosomes,and its sex chromosome type was ZO/ZZ,which was rare not only in fish but also in vertebrates.Reference studies showed that the sex chromosome types of Coilia were all ZO/ZZ.From the perspective of genetic cytology,this discovery explains that the three species of fish are closely related,and the ZO/ZZ sex chromosomes should be the common phenomenon of Coilia fish.In this study,the traditional chromosome preparation method was improved.Due to the strong stress and sh

关 键 词：凤鲚 染色体 核型 性染色体 

分 类 号：S917.4[农业科学—水产科学]