长江下游稻区不同类型双季晚粳稻产量与生育特性差异  

Differences in Yield and Growth Traits of Different Japonica Varieties in the Double Cropping Late Season in the Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River

作　　者：殷敏 刘少文 褚光 徐春梅[1] 王丹英[1] 章秀福[1] 陈松[1] YIN Min;LIU ShaoWen;CHU Guang;XU ChunMei;WANG DanYing;ZHANG XiuFu;CHEN Song(China National Rice Research Institute,Hangzhou 311400)

机构地区：[1]中国水稻研究所

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2020年第5期890-903,共14页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发项目(2016YFD0300507、2016YFD0300208-02)

摘　　要：【目的】明确不同类型粳稻在长江下游作双季晚稻种植的产量和生育特性,为筛选适宜长江下游双季晚粳品种提供理论依据。【方法】2017-2018年在浙江省杭州市中国水稻研究所实验农场,以高产晚籼稻品种(IR)为对照,并选择大面积应用的常规粳稻(IJR)、杂交粳稻(HJR)和籼粳杂交稻(IJHR)品种,研究比较晚季温光条件下常规粳稻、杂交粳稻、籼粳杂交稻和晚籼稻在产量、生育期以及温光资源配置上的差异。【结果】(1)籼粳杂交稻产量(8.3-10.0 t·hm^-2)显著高于其他晚稻类型,分别增产2.9%-29.3%(晚籼稻),30.9%-35.3%(常规粳稻)和13.4%-14.0%(杂交粳稻);常规粳稻产量最低,较晚籼稻分别减产24.0%(2017年)和1.2%(2018年);而杂交粳稻与晚籼稻产量差异随年份不同而不同。与晚籼稻相比,籼粳杂交稻有效穗少、穗型大、库容高、千粒重和结实率相似;而常规/杂交粳稻则表现为有效穗近似,千粒重大,穗型小。全生育期总体上表现为籼粳杂交稻>杂交粳稻>常规粳稻>籼稻。与籼稻相比,粳型(籼粳杂、常规和杂交粳稻)水稻营养生长期变化较小;穗发育期略有缩短(1-6 d),而灌浆期显著延长(12-22 d);全生育期温光资源积累量显著提高,其中主要贡献来自灌浆期的延长。(2)利用主成分分析(PCA),将供试双季晚稻产量构成与生育特性降维为主成分一(穗粒型因子,37.7%)和主成分二(生育期因子,24.7%)。结果表明籼粳杂交稻为少穗多粒、长灌浆期;晚籼稻为穗粒兼顾、短灌浆期;常规和杂交粳稻的品种特征无显著差异,均为多穗少粒、长灌浆期。(3)相关分析表明,双季晚粳稻产量与每穗粒数(R^2=0.607,P<0.001)、库容(R^2=0.779,P<0.001)和灌浆期(R^2=0.505,P<0.001)呈极显著正相关关系。此外,与双季晚籼稻相比,双季晚粳稻产量对环境变化较敏感,品种间、年度间变异系数较大,这就需要品种的属地化和因种栽培。【结论】双�【Objective】The aim of the study was to evaluate the yield and growth traits of different types of japonica rice in the late season in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, so as to provide a theoretical basis for selecting the proper varieties in the double cropping late season in this area. 【Method】 Field experiment was carried out at the China National Rice Research Institute in Hangzhou, Zhejiang province from 2017 to 2018, with four rice types, including the late indica rice(IR) as a control, inbred japonica(IJR), hybrid japonica(HJR) and indica/japonica hybrid rice(IJHR).【Result】(1) The yield of IJHR(8.3-10.0 t·hm^-2) was significantly higher than that of other rice types, increasing by 2.9%-29.3%, 30.9%-35.3%, and 13.4%-14.0% than IR, IJR, and HJR, respectively;The average yield of IJR was the lowest, which was 24.0%(2017) and 1.2%(2018) lower than control(IR), while the yield difference between HJR and IR was varied within years. The IJHR had higher spikelets per panicle and greater sink, and similar panicles per unit area, grain weight, and grain setting as compared to IR. In contrast, the IJR/HJR had higher grain weight and lower spikelets per panicle than IR. The growth duration was ranked in the order of IJHR>HJR>IJR>IR. Compared with IR, the japonica rice(IJR, HJR, and IJHR) had similar vegetative stage(about 56-59 d), slightly reduced reproductive stage(1-6 d), and prolonged the grain filling stage(12-22 d), which leading to an improved accumulation of temperature and solar radiation of the growth duration.(2) The yield component and phenological traits were dimensional reduced by principal component analysis(PCA) as principal component one(panicle size factor, 37.7%) and the principal component two(the growth factor, 24.7%), of which the IJHR was classified as variety with few panicles, large grains, and long grain filling stage, and the IR was medium panicles numbers and size, and short grain filling stage. There was no difference between IJR and HJR based on PCA, being multiple pani

关 键 词：双季晚稻 产量 生育特性 晚籼稻 常规粳稻 杂交粳稻 籼粳杂交稻 

分 类 号：S511.22[农业科学—作物学]