免耕条件下施用有机肥对冬小麦土壤酶及活性有机碳的影响  

Effect of No-Tillage with Manure on Soil Enzyme Activities and Soil Active Organic Carbon

作　　者：郑凤君 王雪 李景 王碧胜 宋霄君 张孟妮 武雪萍[1] 刘爽[1] 席吉龙 张建诚 李永山 ZHENG FengJun;WANG Xue;LI Jing;WANG BiSheng;SONG XiaoJun;ZHANG MengNi;WU XuePing;LIU Shuang;XI JiLong;ZHANG JianCheng;LI YongShan(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Engineering Laboratory for Improving Quality of Arable Land,Beijing 100081;People's Government of Fanshan District Liulihe Town,Beijing 102403;College of Water Resources and Environment,Hebei University of Geosciences,Shijiazhuang 050031;Institute of Cotton,Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Yuncheng 044000,Shanxi)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081 [2]北京市房山区琉璃河镇人民政府,北京102403 [3]河北地质大学水资源与环境学院,石家庄050031 [4]山西省农业科学院棉花研究所,山西运城044000

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2020年第6期1202-1213,共12页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0200408、2016YFD0300804);国家科技支撑计划课题(2015BAD22B03);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(1610132019033)。

摘　　要：【目的】探讨免耕条件下施用有机肥对冬小麦土壤酶活性及活性有机碳含量的影响,明确免耕条件下的科学施肥方法,为提升土壤生物学活性和改善土壤质量提供理论依据。【方法】基于山西运城长期定位试验,选取免耕(NT)和免耕增施有机肥(NTM)两个处理,在冬小麦不同生育时期测定与碳转化相关土壤酶的活性(β葡萄糖苷酶、β木聚糖酶、纤维二糖苷酶、α葡萄糖苷酶)、土壤温度、土壤含水量和土壤呼吸速率以及成熟期土壤总有机碳(TOC)和活性有机碳组分(可溶性有机碳,DOC;易氧化有机碳,EOC;微生物量碳,MBC)等关键指标。【结果】(1)在冬小麦生育期,两个处理不同土壤酶活性具有明显的季节性变化特征。其中β木聚糖酶与α葡萄糖苷酶的活性在拔节期和灌浆期表现出升高趋势;但β-葡萄糖苷酶与纤维二糖苷酶的活性随季节变化波动较小。不同生育时期β木聚糖酶和α葡萄糖苷酶的活性的变化趋势与土壤呼吸速率变化趋势基本一致。此外,主成分分析结果表明,不同生育时期土壤酶活性主要受土壤含水量和土壤呼吸速率的影响。(2)与NT相比,NTM显著提高不同生育时期土壤β木聚糖酶的活性(越冬期:17.6%;抽穗期:8.5%;灌浆期:14.1%和成熟期:10.0%);在越冬期和拔节期土壤α葡萄糖苷酶的活性分别提高16.7%和10.2%。同时,主成分分析结果表明,不同处理间酶活性主要受土壤温度和土壤呼吸速率的影响。(3)与NT相比,NTM显著提升冬小麦生长季TOC、DOC、EOC和MBC含量(TOC:16.9%;DOC:27.7%;EOC:38.4%和MBC:50.7%)。(4)冬小麦生长季土壤生物学指标相关分析表明,β木聚糖酶与α葡萄糖苷酶的活性与总有机碳及其活性组分呈显著相关关系(相关系数均大于0.850)。【结论】免耕增施有机肥通过影响生育期土壤含水量和土壤温度,进而提升β木聚糖酶与α葡萄糖苷酶的活性;同时,秸秆还田基础上增加有机�【Objective】The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of no-tillage with manure on soil enzyme activities and soil organic carbon content,clarify scientific application of fertilizers under no-tillage system,enhance soil biological activity,and promote soil quality.【Method】Based on the long-term field experiment in Yuncheng,Shanxi,we selected no-tillage(NT)treatment and no-tillage with manure(NTM)to measure soil enzyme activity(β-Glucosidase,β-Xylanase,cellobiohydrolase,andα-1,4-Glucosidase)relating to carbon transformation,soil temperature,soil water content and soil respiration rate in growth stages of winter wheat and soil total organic carbon and soil active organic carbon content(dissolved organic carbon–DOC;Easily oxidized organic carbon–EOC;Microbial biomass carbon–MBC)in productive growth stages of winter wheat.【Result】(1)There were significant seasonal differences in soil enzyme activities among the growth stages of winter wheat.The activities ofβ-Xylanase andα-1,4-Glucosidase increased in jointing stage and filling stage,while the activity ofβ-Glucosidase and cellobiohydrolase showed a small fluctuation.The changes of soil respiration at different growth stages were basically consistent with the activities ofβ-Xylanase andα-1,4-Glucosidase.Besides,the results of principal component analysis showed that the soil enzyme activities were mainly affected by soil water content and soil respiration rate.(2)No-tillage with manure significantly increasedβ-Xylanase activity at different growth stages(over-wintering stage:17.6%,heading stage:8.5%,filling stage:14.1%,and mature stage:10.0%).The activity ofα-1,4-Glucosidase increased by 16.7%and 10.2%respectively at the overwintering stage and jointing stage.The results of principal component analysis showed that the enzyme activities were mainly affected by soil temperature and soil respiration rate.(3)No-tillage with manure significantly increased the content of TOC,DOC,EOC and MBC in winter wheat growing season(TOC:16.9%,DOC:

关 键 词：免耕 免耕增施有机肥 土壤酶 总有机碳 活性有机碳 冬小麦 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学] S154.2S153.6