农村贫困地区12~35月龄不同类型留守儿童养育行为分析  

Analysis on thenurturing behaviors of different types left-behind children aged 12-35 months in poor rural areas

作　　者：窦妍 石慧峰[1] 段小倩 赵春霞 黄小娜 王晓莉[1] 张敬旭 DOU Yan;SHI Huifeng;DUAN Xiaoqian;ZHAO Chunxia;WANG Xiaoli;ZHANG Jingxu(Department of Maternal and Child Health,Peking University School of Public Health,Peking University,Beijing 100191,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学公共卫生学院妇幼卫生学系,北京110191 [2]联合国儿童基金会中国办事处

出　　处：《中国生育健康杂志》2020年第2期101-106,共6页Chinese Journal of Reproductive Health

基　　金：国家卫生计生委-联合国儿童基金会农村留守儿童健康和发展促进项目(0860/A0/05/502)。

摘　　要：目的分析河北省平山县、河南省卢氏县、江西省于都县、贵州省三穗县和四川省通江县贫困农村地区12≤月龄≤35仅父亲外出打工和父母均外出打工的儿童看护人养育行为差异。方法在上述5个贫困县,采用分层抽样获得调查村,对村中所有12≤月龄≤35留守儿童养育行为采用自编问卷进行调查,并应用单因素和Logistic回归分析方法,分析不同留守家庭类型对看护人养育行为的影响。结果研究共纳入留守儿童680人,其中68.5%的调查儿童父母均外出务工,祖辈看护人占73.0%。在儿童12≤月龄<24和24≤月龄≤35,在控制了看护人性别、民族、是否抑郁、地区及经济情况等因素后,仅父亲外出打工家庭的留守儿童接受“早期启蒙和回应性养护”养育行为分别是父母均外出打工家庭留守儿童的2.81倍(95%CI=1.67~4.73)和3.16倍(95%CI=1.81~5.49),仅父亲外出打工家庭的留守儿童接受至少2种积极养育行为的情况分别是父母均外出打工家庭留守儿童的2.59倍(95%CI=1.55~4.35)和2.77倍(95%CI=1.57~4.92)。在儿童24≤月龄≤35,仅父亲外出打工家庭的留守儿童看护人实施“儿童拥有图书”行为是父母均外出打工家庭儿童的1.89倍(95%CI=1.09~3.29)。结论不同的留守类型对儿童看护人养育行为存在影响,父母均外出打工的儿童的看护人养育行为劣于仅父亲外出打工儿童。Objective To analyze differences in nurturing behaviors of lift-behind children aged 12≤-≤35 months whose fathers or their parents went out for work.The survey was conducted in Pingshan County of Hebei Province,Lushi County of Henan Province,Yudu County of Jiangxi Province,Sansui County of Guizhou Province and Tongjiang County of Sichuan Province.Methods Stratified sampling was used to obtain the survey villages in above five poverty counties.All the left-behind children aged 12≤-≤35 months in the surveyed areas were investigated for nurturing behaviors with self-made questionnaires.Univariate analysis and logistic regression analysis were used to find the impact of different left-behind types on nurturing behaviors.Results A total of 680 left-behind children were included in the study,68.5%of their parents were migrant workers,and the grandparents caregivers account for 73.0%.After controlling for the gender,ethnicity,depression,regions and economic conditions of the caregivers,the left-behind children aged 12≤-<24 months and 24≤-≤35 months whose fathers were migrant workers had an increased risk(OR=2.81,95%CI=1.67-4.73 and OR=3.16,95%CI=1.81-5.49,respectively)of“early stimulation and responsive care”relative to those whose parents were both migrant workers.The left-behind children aged 12-24 months and 24≤-≤35 months whose fathers went out for work had increased at least 2 kinds of active nurturing behaviors than whose parents were both outside to work(OR=2.59,95%CI=1.55-4.35 and OR=2.77,95%CI=1.57-4.92,respectively).Among children of 24-35 months old,the left-behind children whose fathers were migrant workers had an increased risk of“availability of children′s books”than those whose parents both went out to work(OR=1.89,95%CI=1.09-3.29).Conclusion The different types of left-behind children have an influence on nurturing behaviors,and the caregivers of the children whose parents both go out for work are inferior to those whose only fathers are migrant workers.

关 键 词：农村地区 留守儿童 养育行为 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健]