谢朓诗与南朝政治风云的婉曲写照——从钟嵘《诗品》评谢朓“末篇多踬”谈起  

XIE Tiao’s Poetry and the Euphemism Portrayal of the Political Situation in the Southern Dynasty

作　　者：袁济喜[1] 张子尧 YUAN Ji-xi;ZHANG Zi-yao

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学国学院

出　　处：《求是学刊》2019年第6期122-131,F0003,共11页Seeking Truth

基　　金：中国人民大学科学研究基金重大项目“四部之学与中国文学形态构建”（17XNL012）

摘　　要：钟嵘《诗品》对谢朓诗"多踬"的评价,意指其诗歌结尾文义郁结,似有难言之隐。该现象一以贯之于其创作中,并与南朝风云变幻的政局密切相关。谢氏少年所处的刘宋时期皇权加强,家族因政治事件受到打压,致使其形成敏感疑惧的性格;其青年所处的永明时代表面承平,实则暗流涌动,为图在宗室斗争的夹缝中生存,常在咏物诗结尾婉曲地表达尽忠之心;中年正值萧鸾主政,政治恐怖,其创作多于结尾抒发隐遁情怀以图自保,造成言意之间龃龉矛盾;创作后期京城局势更加动荡,诗歌后篇多以凄冷孤寂的意象隐喻阴晴不定的政治氛围并折射出文人紧张纠结的精神状态。ZHONG Rong’s evaluation on XIE Tiao’s"Duo Zhi"(not fluent)in Critique of Poetry means that his poem ends with a knot in the meaning,which seems to be difficult to voice.This phenomenon is consistent in his creation with close relations to the changing political situation during the Southern Dynasty.During XIE Tiao’s teenage in the period of Liu and Song Dynasties,the imperial power was strengthened,and his family was suppressed due to political events,which led to his sensitive and doubtful characteristics.During his youth in the Yongming age,there was a flat surface,but in fact the undercurrent was surging.In order to survive in the cracks of the clan struggle,he often expressed his loyalty at the end of the poem.During his middle age,XIAO Luan was in charge of the government and his politics were terrible.XIE Tiao’s creation was more than the end to express reclusive feelings to protect himself,which caused the discord and contradiction between words and ideas.In the later period of his creation,the situation in the capital was more turbulent.Therefore,at the end of the poem the bleak and lonely image was used to metaphor the uncertain political atmosphere of rain or shine,which reflected the nervous and tangled mental state of the literati.

关 键 词：谢朓 诗歌 南朝政治 恐惧心态 多踬 

分 类 号：I207.22[文学—中国文学]