航空发动机主轴轴承失效模式分析  

Failure Mode Analysis of Aeroengine Spindle Bearings

作　　者：陈超 曾昭洋 罗军[2] 徐进[1] CHEN Chao;ZENG Zhaoyang;LUO Jun;XU Jin(School of Mechanical Engineering,Guizhou University,Guiyang Guizhou 550025,China;Guizhou Provincial College-based Engineering Research Center for Materials Protection of Wear and Corrosion,College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering,Guiyang University,Guiyang Guizhou 550005,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学机械工程学院,贵州贵阳550025 [2]贵阳学院化学与材料工程学院材料磨损与腐蚀防护贵州省高校工程研究中心,贵州贵阳550005

出　　处：《润滑与密封》2020年第3期126-131,共6页Lubrication Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(51605105);中国博士后科学基金面上项目(2015M572501);贵州省优秀青年科技人才培养计划项目(黔科合平台人才[2017]5628).

摘　　要：航空发动机圆柱滚子主轴承常常因为工作条件恶劣,发生失效。采用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、能谱仪、X射线光电子能谱等对服役后的圆柱滚子轴承进行失效分析。结果表明:根据失效机制与微观形貌对失效模式,可以将圆柱滚子轴承的失效模式分为8种不同的失效模式,包括划伤和擦伤、打滑蹭伤、压坑凹坑、疲劳剥落、振纹、受热变色、内圈烧伤、保持架镀银层磨损。对打滑蹭伤、烧伤和保持架镀银层磨损等失效模式的轴承进行分析,结果表明:在打滑蹭伤的轴承表面发现O元素,表明打滑蹭伤过程中发生了氧化磨损;在烧伤轴承表面发现了Fe的氧化物FeO和Fe2O3,表明轴承在烧伤时温度较高,润滑油膜被破坏,滚子和内圈互相接触发生剧烈磨损;保持架表面银层脱落,部分磨损区域露出铜表面,表明保持架在服役过程中发生了摩擦磨损。Aeroengine engine spindle cylindrical roller bearings often fails due to poor working conditions.The failure analysis of the cylindrical roller bearing after service was carried out by using optical microscope,scanning electron microscope,energy spectrometer,Raman spectroscopy,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy.The results show that according to the failure mechanism and the micro-morphology,the failure modes of cylindrical roller bearings can be divided into eight different failure modes,including lacerations and abrasions,slippage,crater pi,fatigue spalling,vibration pattern,thermal discoloration,inner ring burn,cage silver plating wear.The bearings with the failure modes of slippage,inner ring burn and cage silver plating wear were analyzed.The results show that the O element is found on the bearing surface with slippage failure,indicating that oxidative wear occurs during the process of slip and bruise.The oxides of Fe,FeO and Fe 2 O 3 are found on the surface of burned bearing,indicating that the bearing has a higher temperature during burns,the lubricating oil film is damaged,and the roller and inner ring are in contact with each other to cause severe wear.The silver layer on the surface of the cage falls off,and some of the wear area exposes the copper surface,indicating that friction and wear of the cage occurs during service.

关 键 词：航空发动机 主轴轴承 微观形貌 失效模式 

分 类 号：TH117.1[机械工程—机械设计及理论]