作为组织的法人  

Legal Person as a Kind of Organization

作　　者：冯珏[1] Feng Jue

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院法学研究所

出　　处：《环球法律评论》2020年第2期83-101,共19页Global Law Review

摘　　要：社团、财团、一人公司、独资企业等都是组织,组织可以成为法人的相邻属概念。组织是当今社会的主要组成部分,自20世纪60年代起被作为社会学的独立论题加以讨论。引入组织这一其他学科的概念,有助于重新解释财团、一人公司等是否具有“组织体”这一特征;将组织作为法人的现实基础,在此基础上可进一步区分法人与非法人,同时也会发现,《民法总则》中的“非法人组织”概念似有讹错。作为法人实在说的一个分支的法人组织体说,向来被理解为是关于法人本质的学说之一。该说主张法人借助于其组织机构而适于成为权利义务的主体,但事实上无法根据组织的结构要素在组织中进一步区分法人组织和非法人组织,同时也仍然无法回答法人相较于其他组织的本质特征。以组织作为民事主体的构建基础,更符合社会发展的现实需求,法学应予回应。Since corporations,foundations,one-man companies and sole-proprietorship enterprises are all organizations,the concept of organization can be regarded as the genus concept of legal person.Organizations are the main constituents of modern society and have been discussed as an independent topic in sociology since the 1960s.Introducing the concept of organization in other subject into civil law is helpful to reexplain whether foundations,one-man companies,etc.,have the characteristic of"organization body",and also enables organizations in society to become the reality foundation of legal persons on which the distinction between legal persons and other organizations can be made.Meanwhile,it also enables us the find out that the concept of“unincorporated organization”in the General Provisions of the Civil Law seems to be incorrect.As one branch of the theory on the reality of the legal person,the theory of organizational legal person has always been seen as one of the theories on the nature of legal person.Although this theory asserts that a legal person is suitable to be the subjects of rights and obligations by virtue of its institutional framework,it cannot disclose the essential quality of the legal person as compared with other organizations.Taking organization as the foundation of civil subjects is more compatible with the real development need of society.

关 键 词：法人 组织 社团 财团 法人组织体说 

分 类 号：D923.1[政治法律—民商法学]