论国家官员外国刑事属事豁免权——以卡舒吉事件为视角  

Functional Immunity of State Officials from Foreign Criminal Jurisdiction:An Analysis in Light of the Khashoggi Incident

作　　者：史新祥 Shi Xinxiang

机构地区：[1]大连海事大学法学院

出　　处：《国际法研究》2020年第2期38-50,共13页Chinese Review of International Law

摘　　要：卡舒吉事件触及到了国际法关于领事豁免权和外国官员属事豁免权的一些争议性问题。前者的难点在于执行职务过程中附带行为的性质认定。鉴于豁免权的“功能性”特征,判断关键应当在于附带行为和被执行职务之间的关系,而非行为本身的严重性。后者的认定则要区分行为发生地:当一项公务行为发生在法院地国时,该国对外国官员执行公务资格的认可是豁免权的必要前提条件;而当该行为发生在法院地国以外时,即使其涉嫌国际罪行,豁免权也应当被承认。The murder of Khashoggi touches upon some controversial issues pertaining to consular immunity and immunity ratione materiae of State officials in general international law.The difficulty with the scope of the former lies in the determination of acts incidental to the performance of consular functions.In light of the“functional”basis of the immunity,determination should be made by reference to the relationship between an incidental act and the functions performed,rather than the seriousness of the act per se.The determination of immunity ratione materiae in general international law,on the other hand,hinges upon the place where an official act is performed:If an official act is performed on the territory of the forum State,the prior recognition by that State of the official function performed is the precondition for the recognition of immunity ratione materiae;If an official act is performed outside the territory of the forum court,immunity ratione materiae should be granted,even if the act may have constituted international crimes.

关 键 词：领事豁免权 国家官员豁免权 国际罪行 《维也纳领事关系公约》 属事豁免权 

分 类 号：D993.7[政治法律—国际法学] D997.9[政治法律—法学]