江苏滨海盐碱地麦后直播棉氮、磷、钾肥料优化配比研究  

Effects of Combined Application of Nitrogen,Phosphorus,and Potassium Fertilizers on Field-Seeded Cotton after Barley Harvest Grown in Coastal Saline Fields in Jiangsu

作　　者：杨长琴[1] 刘瑞显[1] 张国伟[1] 王晓婧 倪万潮[1] Yang Changqin;Liu Ruixian;Zhang Guowei;Wang Xiaojing;Ni Wanchao(Institute of Industrial Crops,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences)

机构地区：[1]江苏省农业科学院经济作物研究所,南京210014

出　　处：《棉花学报》2020年第1期11-20,共10页Cotton Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0201900);农业部长江下游棉花与油菜重点实验室开放课题(2017-CR01);江苏省农业科技自主创新资金[CX(18)3046]。

摘　　要：【目的】建立江苏省滨海盐碱地麦后直播棉合理的施肥技术体系。【方法】2017―2018年在江苏省滨海棉田,以中棉所50为材料,采用正交设计,研究了不同氮、磷、钾肥配施量对棉花生物量、养分累积与利用及产量的影响。【结果】氮、磷、钾肥3因子对棉株地上部和生殖器官生物量、棉株地上部氮和钾素累积量及皮棉产量的影响均为氮肥>磷肥>钾肥。施N 150~225 kg·hm-2、P2O575 kg·hm-2下棉株地上部和生殖器官生物量、氮和钾累积量及皮棉产量较高。钾肥因子对生殖器官生物量和皮棉产量影响不显著。钾肥因子对氮、钾素利用效率的影响大于氮肥和磷肥,氮肥因子对磷素利用效率的影响大于磷肥和钾肥,施K2O 75~150 kg·hm-2氮、钾素利用效率较高、施氮225 kg·hm-2磷素利用效率较高。土壤碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾含量较高棉田的氮、磷(P2O5)、钾(K2O)肥配施量分别为225 kg·hm-2、75 kg·hm-2和150~225 kg·hm-2。相关分析表明,皮棉产量与棉株氮、钾素累积量显著正相关。【结论】长江流域棉区滨海盐碱地麦后直播棉利于产量和养分利用效率提高的最佳氮、磷(P2O5)、钾(K2O)肥配施量分别为225 kg·hm-2、75 kg·hm-2、75 kg·hm-2。[Objective]This study was aim to establish the fertilization technique of field-seeded cotton after barley harvest grown in coastal saline fields of Yangtze River Valley.[Methods]The orthogonal field experiments with 3 factors and 3 levels were carried out on CCRI 50 at Dafeng Experimental Station(33.2°N,120.5°E)in 2017 and 2018 to study the effects of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium fertilizers on the accumulation of biomass,nutrient uptake and utilization and yield.[Results]The effect ordering of 3 fertilizers on biomass,N and K nutrient accumulation of shoot and lint yield was nitrogen>phosphorus>potassium.It was conducive to improve biomass,N and K nutrient accumulation and lint yield at application rate of 150~225 kg·hm-2 nitrogen and 75 kg·hm-2 P2O5,respectively.There were no differences in reproductive organ biomass and lint yield at K2O rate from 150 kg·hm-2 to 225 kg·hm-2.The effect of potassium fertilizer on N and K nutrient utilization efficiency was greater than that of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers and the effect of nitrogen fertilizer on P nutrient utilization efficiency was greater than that of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers.High N and K nutrient utilization efficiency were found at 75~150 kg·hm-2 K2O rates and high P nutrient utilization efficiency was found at 225 kg·hm-2 nitrogen rate.High soil available nutrient content(alkalide N,available P,and available K)were found at the combination with application rate of 225 kg·hm-2 nitrogen,75 kg·hm-2 P2O5 and 150~225 kg·hm-2 K2O.The correlation analysis showed that the lint yield positively correlated with N and K nutrient accumulation in shoot significantly.[Conclusions]The best combination was at application rate of225 kg·hm-2 nitrogen,75 kg·hm-2 P2 O5,and 75 kg·hm-2 K2O,which was conducive to high lint yield and nutrient utilization efficiency.

关 键 词：盐碱地 直播棉 氮肥 磷肥 钾肥 生物量 皮棉产量 养分吸收利用 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]