缓释氮肥对小麦后直播棉产量及氮素吸收利用的影响  

The Effects of Slow-Release Nitrogen Fertilizers on the Nitrogen Uptake and Utilization Efficiency and Yield for Direct Seeded Cotton after Wheat Harvested Cropping System

作　　者：徐景丽 李亚兵[2] 胡大鹏[1] 周明园 梁潘潘 吴慧敏 张祥[1] 陈源[1] 陈德华[1] Xu Jingli;Li Yabing;Hu Dapeng;Zhou Mingyuan;Liang Panpan;Wu Huimin;Zhang Xiang;Chen Yuan;Chen Dehua(Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province,Yangzhou University,yangzhou 225009;Institude of Cotton Research,CAAS/State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology,Anyang 455000,Henan,China)

机构地区：[1]扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室,江苏扬州225009 [2]中国农业科学院棉花研究所/棉花生物学国家重点实验室,河南安阳455000

出　　处：《棉花学报》2020年第1期42-51,共10页Cotton Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0100400;2017YFD0201300);国家现代农业产业技术体系棉花体系岗位专家项目(CARS-18-17);江苏省高等教育优势学科发展计划(PAPD)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究缓释氮肥运筹对小麦后直播棉产量及氮素吸收利用的影响。【方法】2016―2017年以短季棉品种中棉所50为材料,采用小麦后直播的种植方式,设3个缓释肥氮素用量:45、90和135 kg·hm-2,2个施用时期分别为2叶期和4叶期。以常规氮肥尿素(纯氮90 kg·hm-2,CK1)和不施肥为对照(CK2)。【结果】缓释肥氮素90 kg·hm-2,并于2叶、4叶期施用产量较高,其中2017年籽棉产量显著高于其它处理,分别达4198.7和4037.8 kg·hm-2,比对照CK2分别高517.2和356.3 kg·hm-2,干物质积累量也表现为缓释肥氮素用量90 kg·hm-2于2叶、4叶期施用较高,其中2017年分别达到14090.5 kg·hm-2、13564.5 kg·hm-2,分别比对照CK2高12.6%和8.4%。氮素积累量表现相似的结果。氮素利用效率结果进一步表明,2叶期施缓释肥氮素用量45 kg·hm-2的处理氮素回收利用率(NARE)、氮素农学利用率(NAE)及氮素生理利用率(NPE)都最高,2叶期施缓释肥氮素用量90 kg·hm-2的处理其次,如2017年2叶期施缓释肥氮用量45 kg·hm-2处理的上述3个氮素利用效率分别为75.62%、23.68%、77.26%,施缓释肥氮素用量90 kg·hm-2处理则分别为60.9%、19.9%、46.6%,而对照CK2仅为53.79%、14.12%、40.91%。【结论】小麦后直播棉在2叶期一次性施用缓释肥氮素用量90 kg·hm-2能显著提高氮素利用效率,促进群体干物质生产并实现高产,同时达到轻简高效的目的。[Objective]To study the effects of application periods and rates of slow-release nitrogen fertilizers on the nitrogen uptake and utilization efficiency and yield for the direct seeded cotton after wheat harvested cropping system.[Methods]The short season cotton variety"Zhongmiansuo 50"was used as the experimentalmaterial,and the planting method of direct seeded cotton after wheat harvested was adopted.Three slow-release nitrogen fertilizer application rates(pure nitrogen)were set:45 kg·hm-2,90 kg·hm-2,135 kg·hm-2,respectively,and applied at the two-leaf stage and the four-leaf stage,respectively.Take conventional fertilizer urea(pure nitrogen 90 kg·hm-2,CK1)and no fertilizer(CK2)as control.[Results]There were significantly higher yield for the treatments of pure nitrogen 90 kg·hm-2 with 2 to 4 leaves application in 2017,the values were 4198.7 kg·hm-2 and 4037.8 kg·hm-2,respectively.Higher dry matter accumulation were also detected,the values were14090.5 kg·hm-2 and 13564.5 kg·hm-2,respectively in 2017,which increased by 12.6%and 8.4%in compared to the control(CK2),respectively.Similar results were observed for nitrogen accumulation.The highest nitrogen agricultural recovery efficiency(NARE),nitrogen agronomic efficiency(NAE)and nitrogen physiological efficiency(NPE)were observed for treatment of 45 kg·hm-2 with application at 2 leaves stage.The second is the treatment of 90 kg·hm-2 of slow-release nitrogen fertilizer in the 2-leaf stage.For example,at the 2 leaves stage of 2017,when the application of nitrogen fertilizer is 45 kg·hm-2,the three nitrogen use efficiencies above are 75.62%,23.68%,77.26%,the treatment of slow-release nitrogen fertilizer90 kg·hm-2 was 60.9%,19.9%,and 46.6%,respectively,while the control CK2 was only 53.79%,14.12%,and 40.91%.[Conclusion]Higher yield and relatively high nitrogen absorption and utilization.could be achieved by one-time application of low-release nitrogen fertilizer which the pure nitrogen was 90 kg·hm-2 at the two-leaf stage and also it can achieve the purp

关 键 词：小麦后直播棉 缓释氮肥 肥料运筹 氮素吸收利用 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]