苹果不同着果部位对果实品质的影响  

Effects of Different Apple Fruiting Locations on Fruit Quality

作　　者：王南南 孙昊琪 柳伟杰 马春晖[1] WANGN annan;SUN Haoqi;LIU Weijie;MA Chunhui(College of Horticulture,Qingdao Agricultural University,Qingdao,Shandong 266109)

机构地区：[1]青岛农业大学园艺学院,山东青岛266109

出　　处：《北方园艺》2020年第2期51-56,共6页Northern Horticulture

基　　金：山东省重点研发资助项目(2017CXGC0209);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金资助项目(CARS-29-07)。

摘　　要：以‘烟富3号’苹果为试材,对树冠上、中、下部果实,树冠内膛和外围果实,不同枝龄、朝向侧枝以及不同类型结果枝果实进行了单果质量、果实糖酸含量以及果实色泽等比较,研究了着果位置、枝条朝向等对果实品质的影响,从而探索优化树形和结果枝的培养方法,为苹果生产提供技术参考。结果表明:树冠垂直方向,上部果实单果质量小于中、下部果实,而果实内在品质以及果实色泽方面上部果实优于中、下部果实,树冠水平方向果实品质差异较小;2年生侧枝果实纵、横径均大于3年生侧枝;下垂枝和平斜枝果实大小优于直立枝果实,且下垂枝结果效率为5.4%,显著高于平斜枝和直立枝;短果枝果实在果实大小和糖度方面均优于中、长果枝果实。综合以上结果可知,果实着生部位、枝龄、枝条朝向以及结果枝类型对果实品质有重要影响,因此在苹果树形结构和结果枝培养过程中,注意树冠上部枝条的培养和生长势的均衡,中下部枝条的疏剪更新控制,以及保留年轻和稳定的结果枝条,是苹果高品质生产的关键技术措施之一。Taking ’Yanfu 3’ apple as the test material,the single fruit quality,sugar and acid content and fruit color of the upper,middle and lower fruits,the inner and outer fruits of the crown,the lateral branches with different branch ages and different types of fruit bearing branches were compared.The effects of fruit position and branch orientation on fruit quality were studied,so as to explore the culture methods of optimizing tree shape and fruiting branch,and provide technical reference for apple production.The results showed that for the vertical direction of the crown,the single fruit weight of the upper fruits was lower than that of the middle and lower fruits,while the internal quality and color of the upper fruits were better than those of the middle and lower fruits.There was little difference in fruit quality in the horizontal direction of the crown.The fruits of biennial branches were larger than those of triennial branches in vertical and transverse diameters.The fruit size of downward branches and horizontal branches was better than that of upright branches,and the fruiting rate of downward branches was 5.4%,which was significantly higher than that of horizontal branches and upright branches;the fruits of short branches were better than those of medium and long branches in fruit size and sugar content.Based on the above results,it can be concluded that the fruit bearing position,branch age,branch orientation and fruit branch type have important effects on fruit quality.Therefore,during the training and pruning process of apple tree and bearing branches,it was needed to pay attention to the balance between upper crown branches and growth vigour,pruning and regeneration control of middle and lower branches,and retaining young and stable fruiting branches,which was one of the key technical measures for high-quality apple production.

关 键 词：苹果 着果部位 结果枝类型 果实品质 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]