欧盟为什么需要民族国家?——兼论欧洲一体化的理论误读  

The Theoretical Predicament of European Integration: Why Has the EU Not Overcome the Nation-state?

作　　者：梁雪村[1,2] LIANG Xuecun

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学国际关系学院 [2]中国人民大学欧洲问题研究中心

出　　处：《欧洲研究》2020年第1期1-26,M0002,共27页Chinese Journal of European Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“多民族国家民族建构的理论与实践研究”(项目编号:19BZZ027)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：近年来,欧洲一体化进程遭遇了民族主义的回潮。是什么力量在维系欧盟成员国内部的民族主义?一体化的超国家理念经历了三代人的论证、传播、普及并实质性地弱化了边境、统一了货币之后,为什么还是没有"驯服"早就被宣布要退出历史舞台的民族主义?本研究从大卫·米特兰尼提出功能主义路径的历史背景入手,指出欧洲一体化从未获得过消灭民族国家、实现深度政治融合的理论保证。从根本上而言,功能主义路径指导下的一体化未能替代民族主义和民族国家的三项基本政治功能:一是确保相当范围内的政治团结;二是维持福利国家的道德前提;三是共识的再生产。欧洲一体化在过去半个多世纪中的成功有赖于民族国家提供的政治根基,对民族国家的超越难以在缺少功能替代的前提下发生。The founding fathers of European integration believed that economic cooperation and its functional spillover were to lead to political integration and the end of nation-state.However,the resurgence of nationalism and populism in major EU countries after the 2008 financial crisis indicates that nation-states are far from obsolete.Why are nation-states so obstinate or resilient?What are the factors sustaining them in the face of the continuous erosion of functional integration?This paper endeavors to answer these questions by revisiting the historical background against which David Mitrany put forward the functionalist approach and points out that European integration has never obtained the theoretical guarantee for the demise of nation-state and for the realization of in-depth political integration.It was the chronic misreading of Mitrany that obfuscated the ultimate goal of European integration and preset the enmity between nation-state and supranational cooperation.The author argues that the achievement of the project of European integration in the past half century is dependent upon the solid political foundations laid down by the nation-states.In sum,the nation-states will not be overcome in the absence of the replacement of the essential political functions that they have persistently undertaken.

关 键 词：欧洲一体化 功能主义 民族主义 民族国家 民主 

分 类 号：D814.1[政治法律—国际关系]