职业应激对金属制造行业噪声性听力损失的影响  

Effects of occupational stress on noise-induced hearing loss in metal manufacture enterprise

作　　者：刘浩中 梁永锡[1] 冯简青[1] 周郁潮[1] 傅绍周[1] 王淑玉[1] 陈浩[1] 潘文娜[1] 黄奕平[1] 邓永芳[1] 刘新霞[1] LIU Hao-zhong;LIANG Yong-xi;FENG Jian-qing;ZHOU Yu-chao;FU Shao-zhou;WANG Shu-yu;CHEN Hao;PAN Wen-na;HUANG Yi-ping;DENG Yong-fang;LIU Xin-xia(Zhongshan Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Zhongshan 528403,China)

机构地区：[1]中山市疾病预防控制中心,广东中山528403

出　　处：《工业卫生与职业病》2020年第2期100-103,共4页Industrial Health and Occupational Diseases

基　　金：中山市社会发展攻关计划(医疗)项目(2017B1043);中山市医疗卫生重大科技专项(2015B1009)。

摘　　要：目的探讨职业应激对金属制造行业噪声性听力损失(noise-induced hearing loss,NIHL)的影响。方法选择中山市某铁制品金属制造企业噪声(LEX,8h≥85dB(A))超标岗位作业者作为研究对象。采用SV104IS无线个体噪声剂量计测定生产岗位噪声强度,问卷调查法获得研究对象的基本情况和职业应激水平,纯音听力检查获得研究对象的听力水平,二分类logistic回归法分析NIHL与职业应激的关系。结果该企业共有4个车间、7个生产岗位噪声强度(LEX,8h)超标,噪声强度(LEX,8h)均值为(87.06±1.68)dB(A)。研究共获得281名研究对象,其中听力正常者169名,NIHL患者112名。NIHL患者的职业应激任务问卷(ORQ)、个体紧张反应问卷(PSQ)人均总得分高于听力正常者,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。NIHL患者的个体应对资源问卷(PRQ)人均得分低于听力正常者(P<0.01),其中娱乐休闲、自我保健人均得分低于听力正常者(P<0.01)。二分类logistic回归分析结果显示:年龄、工龄、吸烟可能是NIHL的危险因素(P<0.01),娱乐休闲、自我保健可能是NIHL的保护性因素(P<0.01)。结论在金属制造行业,职业应激可能是NIHL的影响因素:职业应激应对资源较差,娱乐休闲和自我保健意识或执行程度较差的工人发生NIHL的风险更高。企业应积极普及职业应激相关知识,创造更优质的职业应激应对资源,预防NIHL等疾病的发生。Objective To study the effects of occupational stress on noise-induced hearing loss(NIHL)in metal manufacture enterprise.Methods Workers exposed to noise higher than standard requirement(LEX,8h>85 dB)were selected as the objects in an ironware factory of Zhongshan.SV104IS wireless noise intensity detectors were used for detecting noise level of workplace.General information and occupational stress level of the objects were obtained by questionnaires asking.Audiological level of the objects were determined by pure tone audiometry.Binary logistic regression was used for analyzing the correlation of occupational stress and NIHL.Results Noise intensity(LEX,8h)higher than standard requirement was found in 7 posts,4 plants that the average was(87.06±1.68)dB(A).Among 281 objects,there were 169 with normal hearing,and 112 with NIHL.The scores of ORQ and PSQ in workers of NIHL were higher than normal workers but statistic significance wasn’t found(P>0.05).The scores of Personal Recourses Questionnaire in the workers with NIHL was lower than normal workers(P<0.01)that the score of entertainment and self-care in workers of NIHL was lower than the normal workers(P<0.01).It was revealed that age,service years,tobacco use were the risk factors of the noise-induced hearing loss,but entertainment and self-care were protective factors(P< 0.01).Conclusions For metal electroplate enterprise,occupational stress was the potential risk factor of NIHL,poor Personal Recourses and less entertainment and self-care were more risk for NIHL.Enterprise should popularize knowledge related to occupational stress positively and create more Personal Recourses and entertainment and self-care to prevent NIHL disease.

关 键 词：职业应激 金属制造行业 噪声性听力损失 

分 类 号：R135.8[医药卫生—劳动卫生]