东莞市放射工作人员健康状况及职业放射暴露水平对健康影响分析  

Health status of radiation workers and impact of occupational radiation exposure level on their health in Dongguan city

作　　者：陈惠鹏[1] 马争[1] 彭建梅 郭少嘉[1] 黄兴 沈舞婷 陈满连[1] CHEN Hui-peng;MA Zheng;PENG Jian-mei;GUO Shao-jia;HUANG Xing;SHEN Wu-ting;CHEN Man-lian(The Sixth People's Hospital of Dongguan(Dongguan Center for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment),Dongguan,Guangdong 523008,China)

机构地区：[1]东莞市第六人民医院(东莞市职业病防治中心),广东东莞523008

出　　处：《实用预防医学》2020年第3期307-310,共4页Practical Preventive Medicine

基　　金：东莞市社会科技发展(重点)项目(项目编号:2018507150051626)。

摘　　要：目的了解东莞市放射工作人员的健康状况及职业放射暴露水平对健康的影响,探讨放射工作人员晶状体浑浊发生的影响因素。方法选取2018年在东莞市职业病防治中心进行健康体检的663名放射工作人员作为研究对象。其中,研究对象的健康体检根据《放射工作人员职业健康监护技术规范》进行,包括眼部检查、血尿常规、肝肾功能及心电图等;本研究对个人累积放射剂量的评估,采用个体剂量计的连续监测。最后,整合所有数据进行统计分析。结果本研究放射工作人员的平均年龄为30.0(26.0,35.0)岁。其中,男性占74.1%;年均照射剂量为(1.19±0.90)mSv;视力异常发生率为38.5%、晶状体浑浊发生率为3.5%、高尿酸发生率为27.5%,甲状腺功能异常、脂肪肝以及心电图异常的发生率分别为4.8%、17.2%和13.9%;在≥1 mSv组中,晶状体浑浊的发生率为(4.7%)明显高于<1 mSv组(1.5%),差异有统计学意义(χ^2=4.82,P=0.03),其它指标间的差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。logistic回归结果表明,年均照射剂量≥1 mSv(OR=3.13,95%CI:1.03~9.51)、工业辐照(OR=3.13,95%CI:1.10~8.90)能显著增加放射工作人员发生晶状体浑浊的风险。结论低剂量电离辐射暴露是放射工作人员发生晶状体浑浊的危险因素,应加强放射工作过程的眼部防护。Objective To investigate the health status of radiation workers and the influence of occupational radiation exposure level on their health in Dongguan city,and to explore the factors affecting their lens opacity.Methods Six hundred and sixty-three radiation workers who received occupational health examination in Dongguan Center for Occupational Disease Prevention and Treatment in 2018 were selected as the study subjects.According to specifications for occupational health surveillance for radiation workers,physical examinations,including fundus examination,routine blood and urine tests,liver and renal function test,and electrocardiogram,were conducted among the participants.Continuous monitoring of individual dosimeters was performed to evaluate individual cumulative radiation dose.Finally,all the data were statistically analyzed.Results The average age of the radiation workers enrolled in this study was 30.0(26.0,35.0)years,and males accounted for 74.1%.The average annual dose of ionizing radiation was(1.19±0.90)mSv.The incidence rates of abnormal vision,lens opacity,hypeluricemia,thyroid dysfunction,fatty liver and abnormal electrocardiogram in radiation workers were 38.5%,3.5%,27.5%,4.8%,17.2%and 13.9%,respectively.The incidence rate of lens opacity was higher in the group≥1 mSv(4.7%)than in the group<1 mSv(1.5%),showing statistically significant difference(χ^2=4.82,P=0.03).No statistically significant differences were found in other indexes(all P>0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that the average annual radiation dose≥1 mSv(OR=3.13,95%CI:1.03-9.51)and industrial irradiation(OR=3.13,95%CI:1.10-8.90)could significantly increase the risk of lens opacity among the radiation workers.Conclusions Low-dose ionizing radiation exposure is the risk factor for the occurrence of lens opacity in the radiation workers;and hence,it is necessary to intensify the eye protection during radiological work.

关 键 词：放射 个人剂量 晶状体浑浊 工业辐照 

分 类 号：R144[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]