清代医家对“露”的运用规律与特点分析  

An Analysis of the Law and Characteristics of the Use of "Lu" by Physicians of the Qing Dynasty

作　　者：宋清雅 郑丰杰[1] 张兰鑫 王亦菲 庞清华 SONG Qing-ya;ZHENG Feng-jie;ZHANG Lan-xin;WANG Yi-fei;PANG Qing-hua(Beijing University of CM,Beijing,China,100029)

机构地区：[1]北京中医药大学,北京100029

出　　处：《河南中医》2020年第1期17-20,共4页Henan Traditional Chinese Medicine

基　　金：北京市自然科学基金面上项目(7192114);北京中医药大学名师工作坊项目(JZXF-2018-51)。

摘　　要：医家将露水和露剂统称为"露",露剂由蒸馏所得,或由水蒸气集聚凝结而成,其性轻清,随气上蒸流行。由于药露轻灵、芳香、凉润等特性契合温病病因以热、湿为主,在发病过程中多伤阴等特点,故在温病、热病中使用广泛且种类繁多。因露剂性质甘寒凉润、辛香散利、养阴效捷,其味芳香,且与湿邪之趋下之性不同,故不助长湿邪。因此,阴液大伤或湿热伤阴等证用之尤佳。露剂性芳香而质轻,其性轻清趋上,故可开宣醒脾胃。湿阻气机者亦为多用。药露性甘者,可清养脾胃,医家亦常用食物蒸露以疗虚损,皆取其性质轻清而不黏腻,更易被脾胃运化,胃气极弱不能进粥饮者用之最宜。药物中能蒸为露剂者多为鲜药,大多保留了其辛香之味,而鲜品之属辛香气药者又多较干品味厚力峻,且其药鲜力专、透发力强,质淳味厚、直捣病所,故其解郁行气血之力不容小觑,适用于胃痛、胁痛、呕吐、恶露不行等病证。露剂亦可辅助理血,调和营血又补助阴津。露剂质轻清趋上,其性芳香,故有安神及醒神之效。露水亦可用于疟疾的治疗。Physicians call dew and distillate as "Lu".Distillate is obtained by distillation or condensed by water vapor.It is light and clear and flows up with steam evaporation.Because the characteristics of herbal dew,such as being light,fragrant,cool and moistening,are consistent with the ones of warm disease with heat and dampness symptoms,and yin often injured in the process of onset,they are widely used in warm disease and febrile disease.Because the nature of distillate is sweet,cold and moist,pungent and fragrant,it is effective to nourishing yin.Its flavor is fragrant,and different from the tendency of moving downward of dampness,and it does not promote dampness.Therefore,it is the most suitable to yin fluid injury or dampness heat injury.Distillate is fragrant in flavor and light in quality,and its nature is light and clear,so it can activate the spleen and stomach,and also treat the patients with dampness blocking qi movement.The herbal dew with sweet flavor can clear and nourish the spleen and stomach,and the physicians often use the food-steaming dew to cure the deficiency damage,because it is light and clear,not sticky,more easily transported by the spleen and stomach,and especially for the ones whose stomach qi is very weak and cannot drink porridge.Most of the drugs that can be steamed as distillate are fresh ones,which retain their pungent and fragrant flavor,are more powerful than dry ones.Moreover,they are fresh and have strong penetrability,good quality and strong taste,and they can directly attack the disease center.Therefore,their ability to relieve depression and move qi and blood cannot be underestimated,and are applicable to the syndromes of stomach pain,flank pain,vomiting,and lyma.Distillate can also assist in regulating blood,ying-blood and nourishing yin and fluid.It also has the effect of calming the mind and refreshing the mind.Herbal dew can also be used for malaria treatment.

关 键 词：“露” 露水 露剂 清代医家 

分 类 号：R282.7[医药卫生—中药学]