宋代社会民众防治瘟疫的主要措施和历史借鉴  

The Main Measures and Historical Reference of Prevention and Control of Plague about Ordinary People in Song Dynasty

作　　者：韩毅[1] Han Yi

机构地区：[1]中国科学院自然科学史研究所,北京100190

出　　处：《中原文化研究》2020年第2期40-47,57,共9页The Central Plains Culture Research

基　　金：中国科学院自然科学史研究所“十三五”重大突破项目“科技知识的创造与传播研究”(Y621011005);国家社会科学基金项目“宋代的药品生产与政府管理研究”(14BZS105)阶段性成果。

摘　　要：宋代民众是防治瘟疫的重要基层力量和辅助力量,弥补了官府救治薄弱的区域。其中民间医家是防治疫病的中坚力量,一方面亲赴灾区诊治病人,发放药物,公布医方,传播官方医学知识;另一方面又积累经验,亲撰医书,精选各家名方,简化官府医方,将医药知识应用于临床治疗。地方乡绅、僧人、道士采取了发放药物、施舍粥食、捐献家资、掩埋尸体、祈神驱疫等措施。普通民众对疫病的认识和态度极为复杂,采取的防疫措施也是多种多样。受国家提倡和官府防疫措施的影响,宋代社会民众对疫病的态度发生了一定程度的变化,认识到医药知识是防治疫病的根本和关键,"按方剂以救民疾"和"依方用药"成为宋代医疗发展的新方向,极大地促进了医学方书的产生和药物的应用。The people in Song Dynasty were the important grass-roots and auxiliary forces to prevent and control the plague,which made up for the weak areas of government treatment.Folk doctors are the backbone of disease prevention and control.On the one hand,they go to the disaster area to diagnose and treat patients,distribute drugs,publish medical prescriptions,and disseminate official medical knowledge.On the other hand,they accumulate experience,write medical books,select famous prescriptions,simplify government medical prescriptions,and apply medical knowledge to clinical treatment.The common people ’ s understanding and attitude towards the epidemic are very complex,and the epidemic prevention measures adopted are also diverse.With the attention and guidance of the state,the attitude of the people towards the epidemic in Song Dynasty changed to some extent,and they realized that medical knowledge was the fundamental and key to the prevention and control of the epidemic. "According to prescriptions to use drugs" became the new direction of medical development in Song Dynasty,which greatly promoted the production of medical prescriptions and the application of drugs.

关 键 词：宋代 瘟疫 社会民众 防治 

分 类 号：K244[历史地理—历史学]