宋代经筵制度探析  

An Analysis on the JingYan System in Song Dynasty

作　　者：龚延明[1] Gong Yanming

机构地区：[1]浙江大学人文学院古籍研究所暨宋学研究中心,浙江杭州310028

出　　处：《中原文化研究》2020年第2期48-57,共10页The Central Plains Culture Research

摘　　要：宋代自太宗后,无一朝不开经筵。经筵制度,在宋代被定为"皇朝家法",其可视为特殊的对皇帝的再教育制度。经筵制度源于西汉,经筵官侍读则始置于唐,唐末五代废弛,宋复经筵制度,较为健全。宋代经筵官设,可分前后两个阶段,"元丰改制"后侍读、侍讲、崇政殿说书多为兼职。之所以出现经筵官以兼官为主的情况,主要有以下原因:一是经筵官身为"帝师",必须由学问好、有声望、有地位的名儒硕士(多为进士出身)担任;二是皇帝将经筵授课视为一条了解外部和咨询时政的渠道,因此相对独立于相权的台谏官,就常成为经筵兼官;三是经筵官又是权相暗箱操控、打探皇帝信息动态的难得孔道,如秦桧就通过除授言路官必兼筵官的权术,使其亲信成为经筵官。因此,宋代台谏官多兼经筵官,这也反映出经筵官之除授,成为了宋代皇权与相权明争暗斗之地。结合宋代经筵讲读的时间、内容、场所和方式,纵向考察两宋经筵制度,亦可看出其为宋代文治的成功发挥了重要作用。After Emperor Taizong of Song Dynasty,JingYan system which can be regarded as a special re-education system for the emperor was defined as "the imperial family law" in the Song Dynasty.JingYan system which began in the western Han Dynasty and long placed in the Tang Dynasty,was re-established in the Song.It can be divided into two stages, "YuanFeng restructuring" after the Shi Du,Shi Jiang,ChongZheng Hall Counselors were part-time.The reason for the appearance of the situation in which the banquet was mainly an official is mainly due to the following reasons:first,the banquet officer was an "emperor" with strict requirements,and must be a master of learning,reputation and status(mostly JinShi);Second,the emperor regarded JingYan lectures as a channel to understand the external and consult the current politics.Therefore,independent of the political power of the ministers,they often became JingYan officials.Third,JingYan officials is the power of the hidden manipulation,probing into the emperor’s information dynamics of the rare hole,such as Qin Hui on the road in addition to the official must and the banquet art,so that his trusted aides become by the banquet.In the Song Dynasty,most emonstrant officers were also the JingYan officer,which reflected that the appointment and removal of the JingYan officer became the struggle space of imperial power and the minister power.In combination with the time,content,place of JingYan system,we can also find that this system played an important role in the success of the civil official.

关 键 词：宋代 宋朝家法 经筵制度 

分 类 号：K244[历史地理—历史学]