民法典编纂视野下的自甘风险制度研究  

Assumption of Risk from the Perspective of Civil Code Codification

作　　者：王学敏 Wang Xuemin

机构地区：[1]烟台大学法学院

出　　处：《北京政法职业学院学报》2020年第1期78-84,共7页Journal of Beijing College of Politics and Law

基　　金：司法部项目《贬值损失赔偿的法律基础》的阶段性研究成果,项目编号:18SFB2037。

摘　　要：作为侵权责任抗辩事由的自甘风险有着重要的制度价值,与受害人同意、比较过失等制度存有差异。依据原告接受风险的行为方式不同可分为明示、默示的自甘风险;依据自甘风险作用领域不同,可以分为体育竞赛、搭乘、参加危险活动等不同类型。自甘风险的构成要件包括基础法律关系与冒险行为要件两个层次。民法典应扩大自甘风险的适用范围,除一定风险的文体活动外,日常较危险的活动也可以适用自甘风险,并规定其法律效果为减轻或免除侵权责任。As the defense of tort liability,assumption of risk has important institutional value,which is different from the victim’s consent,comparative negligence and other systems.According to the plaintiff’s behaviors of accepting risk,it can be divided into explicit and implicit assumption of risk.According to different fields of risk tolerance,it can be divided into different types such as sports competitions,taking rides and participating in dangerous activities.The constitutive elements of risk acceptance include two levels,basic legal relationship and elements of risk taking behavior.The civil code should expand the application scope of assumption of risk.In addition to sports and cultural activities with certain risks,daily activities with higher risks can also be applied to assumption of risk,and its legal effect should be reduced or exempted from tort liability.

关 键 词：自甘风险 过失侵权 民法典 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学]