异位发酵床垫料利用期限及微生物组成差异分析  

Utilization Time Limit and Microbial Composition Difference of Ectopic Fermentation Bed

作　　者：潘孝青[1] 邵乐[1] 李波 于传军 顾洪如[1] 秦枫[1] 杨杰[1] 张霞[1] 李健[1] 严康 PAN Xiaoqing;SHAO Le;LI Bo;YU Chuanjun;GU Hongru;QIN Feng;YANG Jie;ZHANG Xia;LI jian;YAN Kang(Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Science,Nanjing 210014,China;Huaiyin District Animal Health Supervision Institute,Huai'an,Jiangsu 223227,China;Jiangsu Animal Husbandry Station,Nanjing 210014,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省农业科学院畜牧研究所,江苏南京210014 [2]江苏省淮安市淮阴区动物卫生监督所,江苏淮安223227 [3]江苏省畜牧总站,江苏南京210014

出　　处：《家畜生态学报》2020年第2期49-54,共6页Journal of Domestic Animal Ecology

基　　金：江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目(CX(16)1003)。

摘　　要：异位发酵床处理猪粪污时的床体利用期限是影响其大面积推广使用的限制性因素,该研究旨在通过连续测定床体温度,科学判定垫料利用期限,同时分析垫料熟化时的床体微生物组成差异,为生产中高效管理异位发酵床垫料提供科学依据。结果显示:采用木屑15%、稻壳15%和菌糠70%混合组成垫料高度为1 m的异位发酵床处理猪粪污、不额外添加垫料情况下,床体垫料熟化时间约为90 d;不同高度下异位发酵床熟化垫料中细菌与真菌微生物OTU数量测定结果为:离床体底部50 cm、30 cm、10 cm处细菌OTU数量与真菌相比,分别增加135.75%,180.96%和112.26%;离床体底部50 cm处与离床体底部30 cm及10 cm处细菌OTU数量相比,分别增加34.13%和110.64%;离床体底部50 cm处与离床体底部30 cm及10 cm处真菌OTU数量相比,分别增加59.67%和89.66%。异位发酵床“死床”时,上层熟化垫料中细菌以瘤胃菌科的产己酸菌属为主,属于厌氧菌,放线菌属更多聚集于床体中下层部位。这一结果提示在使用异位发酵床处理猪粪污过程中,应注意提高翻抛效率,增加床体内部氧含量,从而增加微生物种类,提高微生物丰富度,加速粪污降解速率,减少因床体内氧气含量不足而造成的死床现象发生。The utilization time limit of the ectopic fermentation bed in the treatment of pig manure is a limiting factor affecting its large-scale popularization and use.By continuously measuring the bed temperature,scientifically determining the utilization period of the litter,and analyzing the bed microorganisms during the maturing of the litter,the study will provide a scientific basis for the efficient management of ectopic fermented mattress materials in production.The results showed that when the pig manure was treated by the 1m ectopia fermentation bed mixed with 15%wood chips,15%rice husk and 70%bacillus,the bedding matured at about 90d without adding extra padding.The number of bacteria and fungi microbes OTU in the ectopic fermented bed at different heights was significantly different.The number of bacterial and fungal microbe OTUs at 30m and 10m from the bed bottom increased by 29.54%and 103.43%compared with that at 50 m from the bed bottom.When the ectopic fermentation bed was“dead bed”,the bacterial microorganisms in the upper layer matured litter were mainly hexaponic bacteria of the rumen family,belonging to anaerobic bacteria,and the actinomycetes were more concentrated in the lower part of the bed.The result suggested that in the process of treating pig manure by using ectopic fermentation bed,attention should be paid to improve the turning efficiency and to increase the oxygen content inside the bed,thereby increasing the microbial species and the microbial richness,accelerating the degradation rate of manure,and reducing the dead bed phenomenon caused by insufficient oxygen in the bed.

关 键 词：异位发酵床 利用期限 粪污 微生物组成 

分 类 号：S811.5[农业科学—畜牧学]