急倾斜水平分段综放面强矿压致灾机理及其防治  

Disaster mechanism and prevention of strong rock pressure in steeply inclined horizontal sublevel fully-mechanized caving face

作　　者：杨文化[1,2] 来兴平 王宁波[4] 艾小斐 YANG Wen-hua;LAI Xing-ping;WANG Ning-bo;AI Xiao-fei(College of Energy Science and Engineering,Xi’an University of Science and Technology,Xi’an 710054,China;Key Laboratory of Western Mine Exploitation and Hazard Prevention,Ministry of Education,Xi’an University of Science and Technology,Xi’an 710054,China;Xi’an University of Science and Technology-Yulin Research Institute,Yu’lin 719000,China;National Energy Group Xinjiang Energy Company,Urumchi 830027,China)

机构地区：[1]西安科技大学能源学院,陕西西安710054 [2]西安科技大学西部矿井开采及灾害防治教育部重点实验室,陕西西安710054 [3]西安科技大学榆林研究院,陕西榆林719000 [4]国家能源集团新疆能源公司,新疆乌鲁木齐830027

出　　处：《西安科技大学学报》2020年第2期221-228,共8页Journal of Xi’an University of Science and Technology

基　　金：国家重点基础研究计划(973计划)项目(2015CB251600);国家自然科学基金(515041484)。

摘　　要：急倾斜特厚煤层水平分段综放开采条件下的强矿压致灾日益突出,严重制约矿井的安全生产。以乌东煤矿北采区45#特厚煤层为研究背景,构建物理相似模型,揭示了采场覆岩垮冒结构特征,理论分析综放面覆岩应力传递特征;通过FLAC3D软件建立三维数值计算模型,分析了急倾斜特厚煤层水平分段综放开采后覆岩的应力场及塑性区的变化特征。结果表明:急斜煤层赋存环境复杂,顶板不易垮落,易在采空区形成悬空顶板;+600水平分段煤层开采后,覆岩应力重新分布,在+575水平工作面沿煤层倾向距顶板巷6~45 m的采场煤岩体内,形成轮廓为“三角形”的应力集中区;随开采水平不断向深部延伸,应力集中程度不断增加,矿压显现也随之增剧。针对覆岩垮冒结构及应力特征,进行超前预裂爆破弱化技术,综放工作面支架压力和电磁辐射监测表明:支架压力下降了5~10 MPa,煤岩体平均电磁辐射强度由35.5 mV下降为14.4 mV,明显减缓了工作面强矿压显现,实现了安全生产。这对类似矿井安全开采提供了值得借鉴依据。The disaster caused by strong pressure in fully-mechanized horizontal sublevel caving mining in steeply inclined and extra-thick coal seam,is increasingly prominent,which seriously restricts the safety of the mine production.Taking 45#Extra-thick Coal Seam in northern mining area of Wudong Coal Mine as the research background,the physical model is constructed,the structural characteristics of overburden caving are revealed,and the stress-transfer characteristics of fully-mechanized top-coal caving face are theoretically analyzed.A three-dimensional numerical model is established using FLAC3D,and the stress field and variation characteristics of the plastic zone of the overburden rock after the caving of the horizontal sublevel are examined.The results show that the existing environment of steep seam is very complicated,and it is not easy for the roof to collapse.Therefore,it is likely to form a hanging roof in the goaf.After the excavation of the seam in 600 m level,the overburden stress redistributed,along the inclination of 575 m level face from the roof roadway 6 m to 45 m of the slope coal and rock mass,forming a“triangular”stress concentration area;as the mining level continues to extend to the depth,the concentration area continues to increase,and the rock pressure also increases.Based on the structure and stress characteristics of overburden,the advanced pre-splitting blasting technology is utilized.The support pressure and electromagnetic radiation monitoring result indicate that the support pressure decreased by 5~10 MPa,and the average electromagnetic radiation intensity of the coal and rock decreases from 35.5 to 14.4 mV,an alleviation of the rock pressure in the working face and an indication of safe production there.This provides a reference for the safe mining of others.

关 键 词：矿业工程 急倾斜 强矿压 致灾机理 超前预裂爆破 

分 类 号：TD323[矿业工程—矿井建设]