减量化肥配施不同量紫云英对土壤磷素形态及水稻产量的影响  

Effects of the combination of reduced chemical fertilizer and various amounts of Chinese milk vetch (Astragalus sinicus L.) on soil phosphorus forms and rice yield

作　　者：张成兰 刘春增[1] 吕玉虎 李本银[1] 张梦[1] 郑春风[1] 郭晓彦 曹卫东[3] ZHANG Cheng-lan;LIU Chun-zeng;LüYu-hu;LI Ben-yin;ZHANG Meng;ZHENG Chun-feng;GUO Xiao-yan;CAO Wei-dong(Institute of Plant Nutrition,Agriculture Resources and Environment Sciences,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou Henan 450002;Xinyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Xinyang Henan 464000;Institute of Agriculture Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081)

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院植物营养与资源环境研究所,河南郑州450002 [2]信阳市农业科学院,河南信阳464000 [3]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2020年第1期100-106,共7页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0200200);国家绿肥产业技术体系(CARS-22)。

摘　　要：通过8年长期定位试验,以不施肥(CK)为对照,研究减量20%化肥配施22.5、30、37.5、45 t·hm^-2紫云英(CF0.8G22.5、CF0.8G30、CF0.8G37.5、CF0.8G45)及单施化肥(CF)对豫南稻区土壤无机磷形态及水稻产量影响。结果表明:与不施肥相比,减量20%化肥配施22.5~45 t·hm-2紫云英及单施化肥均显著增加土壤Al-P、Fe-P、Ca-P、O-P、有效磷、碱解氮、速效钾含量及水稻产量。减量20%化肥配施不同量紫云英(CF0.8G)较单施化肥提高土壤Fe-P、Al-P、Ca-P含量及组成比例,降低土壤O-P含量及组成比例。相关性分析、通径分析及逐步回归分析结果显示,土壤Fe-P为最有效磷源,土壤Al-P、Ca-P为缓效磷源,土壤O-P为非有效磷源。土壤Al-P、Fe-P、Ca-P与水稻产量及土壤无机磷、碱解氮呈显著或极显著相关性。减量20%化肥配施紫云英较不施肥处理水稻产量提高24.26%~26.01%,较单施化肥处理水稻产量提高3.75%~5.38%,以配施30 t·hm^-2紫云英处理水稻产量最高。综合考虑土壤磷素有效性、水稻产量及土壤养分,以减量20%化肥配施22.5~30 t·hm^-2紫云英效果较好。An 8 years long-term experiment was conducted to explore the effect of reduced 20% chemical fertilizer combined with 22.5,30,37.5 and 45 t·hm-2 Chinese milk vetch and chemical fertilizer conditions on the forms of inorganic phosphorus and rice yield in south Henan province.The no fertilization treatment was used as control.Results showed that the contents of Al-P,Fe-P,Ca-P,O-P,available phosphorus,alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen,available potassium and rice yield were significantly increased under all the aforementioned treatments compared with the control.Moreover,compared with the application of chemical fertilizer,the treatment of reduced 20% chemical fertilizer combined with various amounts of Chinese milk vetch increased the content and proportion of Fe-P,Al-P and Ca-P,but decreased the content and proportion of O-P.The results of correlation,path and stepwise regression analyses showed that Fe-P was the most effective phosphorus source,Al-P and Ca-P was the slow-release phosphorus source and O-P was the non-effective phosphorus source.The Al-P,Fe-P,Ca-P had an significant or extremely significant correlation with rice yield,soil inorganic phosphorus and alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen.The rice yield of 20% reduction of chemical fertilizer combined with Chinese milk vetch treatment increased by 24.26% ~ 26.01% and 3.75% ~ 5.38% compared with no fertilization and chemical fertilizer treatment,respectively.The highest rice yield was the treatment of 30 t·hm^-2 Chinese milk vetch combined with 20% reduction of chemical fertilizer. Considering the availability of soil phosphorus,rice yield and soil nutrients,the effect of applying 20% reduced chemical fertilizer combined with 22.5 ~ 30 t·hm^-2 Chinese milk vetch was better.

关 键 词：紫云英 无机磷形态 水稻产量 土壤养分 

分 类 号：S153.6[农业科学—土壤学] S511[农业科学—农业基础科学]