宁夏“富士”苹果大量元素动态分析和需肥规律  

Dynamic analysis of macroelement distribution and nutrient requirement of “Fuji” apple in Ningxia

作　　者：闫鹏科 侯婷 张丽[1] 左达 孙权[1] 王锐[1] YAN Peng-ke;HOU Ting;ZHANG Li;ZUO Da;SUN Quan;WANG Rui(School of Agronomy Ningxia University,Yinchuan Ningxia 750021)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学农学院,宁夏银川750021

出　　处：《中国土壤与肥料》2020年第1期113-118,共6页Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China

摘　　要：针对宁夏苹果产业管理过程中果园营养不均衡,肥料利用率低,苹果产量和品质下降等问题,研究宁夏"富士"苹果大量元素分布动态和需肥规律。以6年生"富士"苹果为研究对象,进行田间采样调查,分析各个器官的干物质累积规律及养分动态变化,探究各个时期的需肥规律。结果表明,(1)各器官的氮含量呈下降趋势,其含量大小顺序为:叶>根>果>茎。(2)叶、茎和果实的磷含量呈下降趋势,根的磷含量先增加后降低,在转色期达到峰值。(3)叶、茎和根的钾含量先增加后降低,在转色期达到峰值,果实的钾含量先降低再升高,在膨大期达到低谷,各器官的含量大小顺序为:叶>果>根>茎。(4)整个生育期内,干物质量呈"S"型增加,从60 708 kg·hm^-2增加至127 359 kg·hm^-2,增加了109.8%。(5)各生育期的干物质累积量不同,干物质累积量先增加后减少,膨大期干物质累积量最大,为20 193 kg·hm^-2,占整个生育期干物质累积量的28.73%。N、P2O5和K2O的总需要量分别为961.9、371.3和484.9 kg·hm^-2,其配比为2.59∶1.00∶1.31。各个时期对各种养分的需求量和比例不同,在膨大期之前对N的需要量高,随着生育期的推移,对P2O5和K2O的需要量逐渐增加,在膨大期之后,随着果实的成熟,对K2O的需要量增加。In view of the problems in ningxia apple industry management,such as the unbalanced nutrition in orchards soil,low fertilizer utilization rate,the decline of apple yield and quality,the distribution of macroelement and nutrient requirements of"Fuji"apples in Ningxia were studied.The 6-year-old"Fuji"apple was used as the research object,the dynamic changes of nutrient contents in various organs and the accumulation law of dry matter quality were analyzed to explore the dry matter accumulation and fertilizer requirements in each period.The results showed that,(1)The nitrogen content of each organ showed a downward trend,and the order of the content was:leaf>root>fruit>stem.(2)The phosphorus content of leaves,stems and fruits showed a downward trend,and the phosphorus content of roots increased first and then decreased,reaching a peak during the color change period.(3)The potassium content of leaves,stems and roots increased first and then decreased,peaked during the color change period,and the potassium content of the fruit decreased first and then increased,reaching a trough during the expansion period.The order of the contents of each organ was:leaf>fruit >root > stem.(4)With the sampling period,the dry matter quality increased by"S"type,increasing from 60 708 kg·hm^-2 to 127 359 kg·hm^-2,which increased by 109.8%.(5)The accumulation of dry matter in different growth stages was different.The accumulation of dry matter first increased and then decreased.The maximum dry matter accumulation was 20 193 kg·hm^-2 during fruit swelling period,accounting for the dry matter cumulative amount of the whole growth period was 28.73%.The total requirements of N,P2O5 and K2O were 961.9,371.3 and 484.9 kg·hm^-2,respectively,and the ratio was 2.59∶1.00∶1.31. The requirement and proportion of various nutrients are different in each period.The requirement of N is high before the fruit swelling period.With the growth period going on,the requirement of P2O5 and K2O will gradually increase.After the fruit swelling period,the r

关 键 词：苹果 大量元素 动态分析 需肥规律 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]