青海高寒区水源涵养林土壤机械组成和理化性质对其饱和导水率和持水能力的影响  

Effects of mechanical components and physical and chemical properties of soil in water conservation forests in cold highland area of Qinghai on its saturated hydraulic conductivity and water holding capacity

作　　者：王玮璐[1,2,3,4] 贺康宁 张潭[1,2,3,4] 王先棒 张震中[1,2,3,4] WANG Weilu;HE Kangning;ZHANG Tan;WANG Xianbang;ZHANG Zhenzhong(School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China;Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100083, China;Engineering Technology Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation of Beijing, Beijing 100083, China;Engineering Research Center of Forestry Ecological Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing 100083, China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学水土保持学院,北京100083 [2]水土保持国家林业和草原局重点实验室,北京100083 [3]北京市水土保持工程技术研究中心,北京100083 [4]林业生态工程教育部工程研究中心,北京100083

出　　处：《植物资源与环境学报》2020年第2期69-77,共9页Journal of Plant Resources and Environment

基　　金：祁连山生态保护与建设综合治理工程科技示范与推广项目(2019-Q-1)。

摘　　要：以华北落叶松〔Larix gmelinii var.principis-rupprechtii(Mayr)Pilg.〕、青杨(Populus cathayana Rehd.)、青海云杉(Picea crassifolia Kom.)和白桦(Betula platyphylla Suk.)组成的青海高寒区6类水源涵养林为研究对象,比较了不同类型林分土壤的机械组成、理化性质、饱和导水率和田间持水量的差异,并采用统计分析方法对影响土壤饱和导水率和田间持水量的主要因子进行分析。结果显示:6类水源涵养林土壤的大多数机械组成和理化指标有显著差异,仅黏粒含量无显著差异。土壤的粉粒含量、总孔隙度、毛管孔隙度、有机质含量、全氮含量、全磷含量、饱和导水率和田间持水量在白桦天然次生阔叶林中均最大,但在青杨人工阔叶林中均最小;而土壤的砂粒含量、容重和非毛管孔隙度均在白桦天然次生阔叶林中均最小,但在青杨人工阔叶林中均最大。表明天然次生阔叶林土壤的水分渗透性和持水能力较强。相关性分析和多元逐步回归分析结果显示:土壤的砂粒含量和粉粒含量与多数土壤理化指标存在显著或极显著的相关性,仅黏粒含量与各理化指标均无显著相关性。土壤的饱和导水率和田间持水量与多数土壤机械组成和理化指标存在显著或极显著的相关性,但土壤饱和导水率与砂粒含量和粉粒含量无显著相关性,土壤田间持水量与黏粒含量无显著相关性。土壤的毛管孔隙度和有机质含量是影响土壤饱和导水率和田间持水量的主要因子。通径分析结果显示:土壤毛管孔隙度的直接通径系数大于土壤有机质含量的直接通径系数,毛管孔隙度的间接通径系数小于其直接通径系数,而有机质含量的直接通径系数小于其间接通径系数。综合分析结果表明:在青海高寒区6类水源涵养林土壤中,影响土壤饱和导水率和田间持水量的主要因子是毛管孔隙度和有机质含量,其中,毛管孔隙度具有直接影响Taking six types of water conservation forests composed of Larix gmelinii var.principis-rupprechtii(Mayr)Pilg.,Populus cathayana Rehd.,Picea crassifolia Kom.and Betula platyphylla Suk.in cold highland area of Qinghai as research objects,the differences in mechanical components,physical and chemical properties,saturated hydraulic conductivity and field capacity of soil in different types of forests were compared,and the main factors affecting saturated hydraulic conductivity and field capacity were analyzed by statistical analysis method.The results show that there are significant differences in most mechanical components and physical and chemical indexes of soil in six types of water conservation forests,only no significant difference in clay content.Silt content,total porosity,capillary porosity,organic matter content,total nitrogen content,total phosphorus content,saturated hydraulic conductivity and field capacity of soil in natural secondary broad-leaved forest of B.platyphylla are the largest,but those in artificial broad-leaved forest of P.cathayana are the smallest;while sand content,bulk density and non capillary porosity of soil in natural secondary broad-leaved forest of B.platyphylla are the smallest,but those in artificial broad-leaved forest of P.cathayana are the largest.It is indicating that water permeability and water holding capacity of soil in natural secondary broad-leaved forest are stronger.Correlation analysis and multiple stepwise regression analysis results show that there are significant or extremely significant correlations of sand and silt contents of soil with most physical and chemical indexes of soil,only no significant correlation of clay content with each physical and chemical index.There are significant or extremely significant correlations of saturated hydraulic conductivity and field capacity of soil with most mechanical components and physical and chemical indexes of soil,but no significant correlation of saturated hydraulic conductivity of soil with sand and silt contents,tha

关 键 词：青海高寒区 水源涵养林 土壤饱和导水率 土壤田间持水量 土壤理化指标 

分 类 号：Q948.11[生物学—植物学] S714.2[农业科学—林学]