汉语方言入声音节的类型学观察  

A typological observation of checked syllables in Chinese dialects

作　　者：李兵[1] 常敏[1] LI Bing;CHANG Min

机构地区：[1]南开大学外国语学院,天津

出　　处：《中国语文》2020年第2期131-148,254,共19页Studies of the Chinese Language

摘　　要：本文从类型学角度考察620个汉语方言的入声音节系统的内部结构以及这些系统的分布和出现频率。描写主要采用三类参数:1)音节尾塞音的数量和语音特点之间的类型学关联,2)音节内元音主要音系维向和音节尾塞音有无或语音特点之间的类型学关联,3)入声音节系统之间的类型学关联。观察表明,入声音节系统内部结构、入声音节系统的分布范围及出现频率均呈现某些具有类型学意义的特点或语言倾向。比较显著的类型学特点包括:1)系统内塞音之间对立关系具有类型特点;2)元音音系高度以及其他一些音系维向和音节尾塞音之间存在蕴含关系;3)不同类型的入声音节系统之间呈明显语言倾向。观察还发现,入声音节系统以及入声音节样本的分布范围与出现频率呈正比例关系。From a typological approach,this article investigates the checked syllables(especially those end in stops)in 620 Chinese dialects.By identifying their internal structure and the number and phonological properties of the coda,a classification of the systems of checked syllables in 620 Chinese dialects is offered.The examination of phonological dimensions of the vowels(i.e.phonological height,backness,lip-rounding,orality/nasality,monophthong/diphthong and length)further shows that some features of the vowels are relevant with the choice of stop(s)they can co-occur with in the checked syllable.Moreover,a direct correlation is found between the distribution scope of checked syllable systems(and checked syllables per se)among dialects and their frequency of occurrence,either within a dialect or across dialects.

关 键 词：汉语方言 入声音节 类型学 分布 频率 蕴含关系 

分 类 号：H17[语言文字—汉语]