知情同意原则抑或信赖授权原则——兼论数字时代的信用重建  

The Principle of Informed Consent or the Principle of Authorization with Trust: Also on the Credit Reconstruction in the Digital Age

作　　者：姚佳[1] YAO Jia

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院法学研究所

出　　处：《暨南学报（哲学社会科学版）》2020年第2期48-55,共8页Jinan Journal(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“大数据时代个人数据保护与数据权利体系研究”(批准号:18ZDA146)。

摘　　要：知情同意原则在医疗领域、个人信息保护领域被认为是公认规则,意在实现与加强个人自决,但是此种自决与人们的风险认知、数据利用的客观规律存在矛盾与冲突。实践中,个人与平台的用户协议以及司法实践都将知情同意转化为同意授权,而在普遍是陌生人交往更多于熟人交往的数字社会关系中,个人授权远悖离其信赖本意。如若仅将知情同意看作是一种法律技术规则,而并不考虑其所适用的现实基础、制度特征和风险分配,则无法实现制度功用。事实上,在无法找到替代规则的前提下,更应考虑对制度进行重新解释与改造,补足其实现基础与条件,重建一种信任和信用场域,从而实现知情同意与授权的制度初衷。The principle of informed consent is considered to be a consensus rule in both medical field and personal information protection field. It is made to achieve and improve the individual self-determination,but there is a contradiction and conflict between such self-determination and people’s perception of risk and data utilization. In practice, the principle of informed consent is converted into authorization in the online platform users’ agreements and judicial practices. In the digital social relationship, where strangers are more connected to acquaintances, individual’s authorization is far from its original meaning. If only the principle of informed consent is regarded as a legal and technical rule, and regardless of the actual basis, institutional characteristics and risk allocation, it will not play its role. In fact, under the premise that no other alternative rules can be found, it is necessary to reinterpret and transform the relatine legal system, by complementing the basis and conditions and reconstructing a trust and credit domain, and thus to realize the original goal of the principle of informed consent and authorization.

关 键 词：知情同意 信赖授权 风险分配 信用 信任 

分 类 号：D9[政治法律—法学]