一种抗热应激添加剂对奶牛热应激防控效果的研究  

Prevention effect of a anti-heat stress additive on heat stress of cows

作　　者：葛婧昕 黄宝银 苏继影 曲志涛 陈媛媛[1] 徐闯[1] GE Jingxin;HUANG Baoyin;SU Jiying;QU Zhitao;CHEN Yuanyuan;XU Chuang(College of Animal Science and Veterinar)'Medicine,Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University,Daqing 163319,China;Heilongjiang Wellhope Animal Husbandry Co.,Ltd.,Harbin 150060,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江八一农垦大学动物科技学院,黑龙江大庆163319 [2]黑龙江禾丰牧业有限公司,哈尔滨150060

出　　处：《黑龙江畜牧兽医》2020年第1期1-6,共6页Heilongjiang Animal Science And veterinary Medicine

基　　金：国家自然基金面上项目(31672622);黑龙江省重大项目(GA16B202);黑龙江八一农垦大学研究生创新项目(YJSCX2018-Y22)。

摘　　要：为了研究一种抗热应激添加剂对奶牛泌乳期(173±13)d和热应激期生产性能、抗氧化能力和能量代谢等相关指标的影响,试验选择26头热应激条件下的泌乳期荷斯坦奶牛,采用完全随机试验设计将其分为2组,每组13头,其中对照组奶牛饲喂基础日粮,饲喂组奶牛饲喂基础日粮与300 g抗热应激添加剂,试验期为42 d。在试验开始前检测26头奶牛的产奶量,在正式试验的第7,14,21,28,35,42天记录产奶量,利用乳成分分析仪测定乳脂率、乳蛋白率、脂蛋比、尿素氮含量。在试验期第0,5,10,15,20,25,30天尾静脉采血,10 mL/头,自然凝固后取上清液检测热休克蛋白70(HSP70)、抗氧化指标谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)、β-羟丁酸(BHBA)、游离脂肪酸(NEFA)、球蛋白、白球比、总蛋白、免疫球蛋白G(IgG)、免疫球蛋白M(IgM)等血液生化指标。结果表明:抗热应激添加剂可以缓解热应激,且饲喂组HSP70水平在第10,20天极显著低于对照组(P<0.01),在第5,30天显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。试验使用的抗热应激添加剂可以提升热应激期间奶牛奶产量,达到2.28 kg/d。抗热应激添加剂可以提高乳品品质,饲喂组乳脂率显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。抗热应激添加剂可以提高泌乳奶牛的抗氧化能力,饲喂组SOD活性在第10,15,20,25,30天极显著高于对照组(P<0.01);MDA含量在第15,20,30天极显著低于对照组(P<0.01),而在第10天显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。抗热应激添加剂可以减少奶牛能量代谢障碍性疾病发生,提高奶牛的健康水平,饲喂组BHBA水平在第5,10,20天极显著低于对照组(P<0.01);NEFA水平在第20天极显著低于对照组(P<0.01),而在第10天显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。抗热应激添加剂对乳蛋白率、脂蛋比、尿素氮、GSH-Px、球蛋白、白球比、总蛋白、IgG、IgM的影响均差异不显著(P>0.05)。说明该抗热应激添加剂具有提高奶牛生产性�In order to study the effects of a anti-heat stress additive on production performance,antioxidant capacity,and energy metabolism of dairy cows during lactation(173±13)d and heat stress period,26 Holstein cows in lactation period under heat stress were selected and randomly divided into two groups,13 per group.The control group was fed a basal diet,and the feeding group was fed a basal diet with 300 g of anti-heat stress additive.The experiment lasted 42 days.The milk yield of 26 cows was measured before the experiment and on the 7th,14th,21st,28th,35th,and 42nd days of the experiment.Milk fat percentage,milk protein rate,fat/protein ratio,and urea nitrogen content were detected by a milk component analyzer.On the 0th,5th,10th,15th,20th,25th,and 30th days of the experiment,10 mL of blood was collected from the tail vein.After natural coagulation,the supernatant was taken to detect heat shock protein 70(HSP70),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px),superoxide dismutase(SOD),malondialdehyde(MDA),β-hydroxybutyric acid(BHBA),free fatty acid(NEFA),globulin,albumin/globulin ratio,total protein,Immunity globulin G(IgG),and IgM.The results showed that the anti-heat stress additive could alleviate heat stress.HSP70 in the feeding group was significantly lower than that in the control group on the 10th and 20th day(P<0.01),and on 5 th and 30 th day(P<0.05).After fed with the feed additive used in the experiment,the milk yield could increase to 2.28 kg/d during heat stress.The feed additive could improve milk quality,and the milk fat percentage in the feeding group was significantly higher than that in the control group(P<0.05).The feed additive could improve the antioxidant capacity of lactating dairy cows.The SOD in the feeding group was significantly higher than that in the control group on the 10th,15th,20th,25th,and 30th days(P<0.01).The MDA was significantly lower than the control group on the 15th,20th,and 30th days(P<0.01),and lower than that in the control group on the 10th day.The feed additive could reduce the occurren

关 键 词：热应激 抗热应激添加剂 奶牛 生产性能 抗氧化 免疫 能量 

分 类 号：S816.7[农业科学—饲料科学] S858.23[农业科学—畜牧学]