北海狮水下声信号类型分析  

Classification of Underwater Vocalizations Produced by the Captive Steller Sea Lions (Eumetopias jubatus)

作　　者：姜莹 吕连港 刘宗伟 黄龙飞 杨志国 杨春梅 JIANG Ying;L Lian-gang;LIU Zong-wei;HUANG Long-fei;YANG Zhi-guo;YANG Chun-mei(First Institute of Oceanography,MNR,Qingdao 266061,China;Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical Modeling,Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao),Qingdao 266237,China;China National Deep Sea Center,MNR,Qingdao 266237,China)

机构地区：[1]自然资源部第一海洋研究所,山东青岛266061 [2]青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室区域海洋动力学与数值模拟功能实验室,山东青岛266237 [3]自然资源部国家深海基地管理中心,山东青岛266237

出　　处：《海洋科学进展》2020年第1期182-188,共7页Advances in Marine Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目——南极普里兹湾和麦克默多湾虎鲸声信号特征研究(41906170);国家自然科学基金项目——黄海冷水团消衰期天气尺度变化及机制研究(41576027);国家海洋局海洋生态环境科学与工程重点实验室开放基金项目——便携式海洋哺乳动物声学实时检测系统研究(MESE-2016-05);中国-东盟海上合作基金。

摘　　要：以水族馆内圈养的北海狮为研究对象,利用长达29 h的连续被动声学观测数据,对北海狮水下声信号类型进行了研究。共检测出22 689个水下声信号,对时长、最小频率、最大频率和峰值频率这4个声学参数采用聚类分析方法将信号分为10种类型:单脉冲(SP)、哨声(WS)、咕咕声(GG)、咚咚声(DS)、狗吠声(BK)、吼叫声(WY)、嗡嗡声(BZ)、撞击声(BG)、单频声(SF)以及咩咩声(BT)。该分类方式涵盖了北海狮92.6%的水下发声。北海狮水下声信号时长的均值为5~1 244 ms,峰值频率一般小于10 kHz。10种类型信号的占比各有不同,BK,BT和BG信号的比例较高;SP,WS和BZ信号的比例次之;DS,WY,SF和GG信号的比例较低。对北海狮水下声信号类型的分析能帮助了解北海狮的声行为特征,对野外北海狮的声学观测具有重要的指导价值。Underwater vocalizations of three captive Steller sea lions(Eumetopias jubatus) were recorded with the passive acoustic monitoring system over a period of 29 hours in an aquarium. This paper studies the acoustic signal classification of Steller sea lions with these data. A total number of 22 689 underwater acoustic signals were detected. Ten categories of underwater vocalizations were identified according to statistical analyses of time duration, minimum frequency, maxim frequency and peak frequency. That includes single pulse(SP), whistle(WS), gurgle grunt(GG), drums(DS), bark(BK), whinny(WY), buzzing(BZ), bang(BG), single frequency(SF) and bleat(BT). 92.6% of acoustic signals were covered with this classification. The average time duration of acoustic signals of Steller sea lions is 5~1 244 ms, and the peak frequency is generally less than 10 kHz. The proportions of the 10 categories of signals are different. The proportions of the BK, BT and BG signals are the highest, with those of SP, WS and BZ followed, and DS, WY, SF and GG the lowest. Characterizing the underwater vocalizations of Steller Sea Lions can help us to understand the behavior of this species and it will facilitate future wild acoustics surveys.

关 键 词：北海狮 水下声信号 信号类型 信号特征 信号占比 

分 类 号：Q62[生物学—生物物理学]