情报学哲学基础的再认识  

Rethinking the Philosophical Foundation of Information Science

作　　者：杨建林[1,2] Yang Jianlin(School of Information Management,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210023;Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Data Engineering&Knowledge Service,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210023)

机构地区：[1]南京大学信息管理学院,南京210023 [2]江苏省数据工程与知识服务重点实验室,南京210023

出　　处：《情报学报》2020年第3期317-329,共13页Journal of the China Society for Scientific and Technical Information

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重点项目“面向国家发展与安全决策的情报服务创新研究”(18ATQ003)。

摘　　要：寻找情报学的哲学基础是情报学发展过程之中不可缺少的一个环节。通过合适的哲学理论,可以真正揭示出信息的本质以及数据、知识、智能、智慧等相关概念的本质,进而为解释情报与情报过程的本质提供合适的工具,进而可以明确情报学特定的研究领域与特定的研究问题。通过对中国情报学界对情报学哲学基础研究的分析以及相关哲学思想的研读与吸收,本文重新论述数据、信息、知识、智慧、计算等概念的本质,在此基础之上分析信息与计算的关系,数据、信息、知识、智慧、情报等概念之间的递进或包含关系。本文在分析情报过程以及情报过程中的信息交互的基础之上,明确指出情报学特有的研究领域、研究问题。研究表明,信息哲学基本可以胜任情报学哲学基础这一角色,但是其理论体系需要进一步完善;从哲学视角可以发现,情报学作为一个独立的科学分支具有正当性,它具有自身特有的研究领域与研究问题;情报学已经发展出自己特有的研究方法。Seeking a philosophical foundation is indispensable to the development of information science.Appropriate philosophical theory can reveal the essence of information and its related concepts,such as data,knowledge,intelligence,and wisdom.In addition,it can provide appropriate tools to explain the essence and process of intelligence,allowing us to clarify specific research fields and issues in information science.Based on analysis of relevant research,this paper rejects the traditional philosophical theory of information science and reexamines the essence of such concepts as data,information,knowledge,wisdom,and computation.It analyses the relationship between information and computation and the progressive or inclusive relationship between data,information,knowledge,wisdom,and intelligence.Analysis of the intelligence process and information exchange clarifies the overall research field and specific issues of information science.The results show that(1)the philosophy of information can serve as a philosophical foundation for information science,but its theoretical system needs further improvement;(2)from a philosophical perspective,information science is a legitimate independent branch of science,with its own unique research field and issues;and(3)information science has developed unique research methods.

关 键 词：情报学 哲学基础 信息本质 情报过程 

分 类 号：G350[文化科学—情报学]