2016年重庆地区化妆品不良反应临床特征分析  

Clinical Characteristics of Adverse Reactions to Cosmetic Products in Chongqing in 2016

作　　者：江阳[1] 王禹毅[1] 张洁[1] 李德如[1] 邓抒琴[1] 刁庆春[1] 朱瑾瑜 宁春竹 吕静[1] JIANG Yang;WANG Yuyi;ZHANG Jie;LI Deru;DENG Shuqin;DIAO Qingchun;ZHU Jinyu;NING Chunzhu;LYU Jing(Department of Dermatology,the First People’s Hospital,Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital,Chongqing 400011,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆市第一人民医院,重庆市中医院道门口院部皮肤科,重庆400011

出　　处：《中国皮肤性病学杂志》2020年第2期200-204,共5页The Chinese Journal of Dermatovenereology

基　　金：2016重庆市化妆品不良反应监测研究资助项目。

摘　　要：目的分析2016年重庆地区化妆品不良反应的临床特征,掌握本市的化妆品质量安全状况,制定化妆品安全风险监管措施。方法以2016年上传到重庆市化妆品不良反应报告系统的全市化妆品不良反应病例为调查对象(采用SPSS20软件进行统计分析)。收集患者的个人信息、病史记录、临床症状、化妆品信息及相关实验室检查结果等。结果2016年重庆市共上报1860例化妆品不良反应病例,每百万人口报告数量为62例。患者女性(94.19%)明显多于男性(5.81%),年龄从1~73岁均有发生,主要集中在21~40岁(67.58%)。1.02%的患者报告有既往过敏史。化妆品不良反应的潜伏期普遍较短,超过一半的患者潜伏期在3 d以内,发生的部位主要在头面部(占比超过95%)。化妆品不良反应类型以接触性皮炎为主(81.34%),其次为化妆品痤疮(5.80%)。患者的自觉症状主要为瘙痒,其次为灼热感和紧绷感,主要皮损形态为红斑、丘疹、水肿。可疑致敏化妆品主要为护肤类(1513例)和育发类(93例)。仅有66例患者选择进行斑贴试验(6例患者实验结果为阴性,其余均为阳性)。结论重庆地区化妆品不良反应发生人群主要为中青年女性,多由护肤类和育发类所致,临床以化妆品接触性皮炎发生率最高,斑贴试验仍是诊断化妆品接触性皮炎的重要检查手段。Objective To analyse the clinical characteristics of adverse reactions to cosmetic products in Chongqing in 2016,to pinpoint the quality and safety of cosmetics in this city,and to formulate regulatory measures to address safety risks of cosmetics.Methods Patient data were retrieved from the cosmetic adverse reaction reporting system of Chongqing,and the personal information,medical records,clinical characteristics and the cosmetic information as well as laboratory results were collected.Results There were 1860 reported cases with adverse reactions to cosmetic products in 2016,and 62 out of million people were reported with adverse reaction to cosmetic products in local population.Females(94.19%)were obviously affected more than males(5.81%).The majority patients were aged 21 to 40 years as the age of patients ranged from 1 year to 73.Among these patients,1.02%had history of allergy and half of them had a latent period of less than three days.Head and face were the most affected body parts and the major types of adverse reactions to cosmetic products were contact dermatitis(81.34%)and cosmetic acne(5.80%).The most common symptoms involved were pruritus,burning sensation and tightness of the skin,and the common skin lesions included erythema,papula and edema.Suspected cosmetics were mostly from skin care products(1513 cases,and the common)and hair care products(93 cases).Only 66 patients accepted patch tests,6 cases had negative results and others were all tested positive.Conclusion Adverse drug reactions affect young and middle-aged women mostly,and skin care products as well as hair care products are the most risk factors.Contact dermatitis is the hightest adeverse reaction to cosmetic products and the patch test is still the most effective method in helping diagnosing contact dermatitis to cosmetic products.

关 键 词：化妆品 不良反应 斑贴试验 临床特征 

分 类 号：R758.22[医药卫生—皮肤病学与性病学] TQ658[医药卫生—临床医学]