华北民族融合进程中人群生存方式及对健康的影响——以北京延庆西屯村墓地为例  

Ethnic fusion in North China from Han Dynasty to Northern Dynasties:Stable isotope analysis of human bones from the Xitun cemetery,Beijing

作　　者：朱思媚 周亚威[3] 朱泓[4] 丁利娜[5] 胡耀武[1,2] ZHU Simei;ZHOU Yawei;ZHU Hong;DING Lina;HU Yaowu(Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Institute of Vertebrate Palaeontology and Palaeoanthropology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100044;Department of Archaeology and Anthropology,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049;Historical and Cultural Heritage Conservation Research Center,Zhengzhou University,Zhengzhou 450001;Research Center for Chinese Frontier Archaeology of Jilin University,Changchun,130012;Institute of Cultural Relics in Beijing,Beijing,100009)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院古脊椎动物与古人类研究所,中国科学院脊椎动物演化与人类起源重点实验室,北京100044 [2]中国科学院大学考古与人类学系,北京100049 [3]郑州大学历史学院,郑州450001 [4]吉林大学边疆考古研究中心,长春130012 [5]北京市文物研究所,北京100009

出　　处：《人类学学报》2020年第1期127-134,共8页Acta Anthropologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41373018,41773008);国家基础研究项目(2015CB953803);国家社科基金重大项目(11&ZD182);国家社科基金青年项目(16CKG013)共同资助。

摘　　要：探讨农耕民族与游牧民族之间的相互交融和融合,对揭示中华民族的形成和发展过程极具重要意义。目前,历史文献与人群体质特征的研究,为了解华北地区东周以后人群的混合和交流提供了丰富的线索,但在民族交融过程中生存方式的转变及其对人群健康的影响尚缺乏细致地研究。为此,本文以北京延庆西屯村墓地汉魏时期的人骨为对象,对其开展C、N稳定同位素分析,并紧密结合体质人类学研究成果及历史文献,揭示自汉至北朝期间先民生存方式的变迁及对人群健康状况的影响。研究表明,先民食物中包含大量的C4类,反映了粟黍农作物种植业在先民生存方式中占有重要地位;自汉至北朝,先民的δ13C值明显升高,可能与民族融合进程中统治阶级对农业经济的重视和多项利农措施的实施密切相关;而北朝时期人群死亡高峰的推后及女性平均身高的增高,则可能与农业经济的发展改善人群的营养健康相关。本文通过对人骨稳定同位素的分析与人骨体质特征的有机结合,为揭示我国民族间融合进程中人群生存方式的变迁及健康状况提供了新的研究视角。The study of genetic admixture of nomads and farmers is significant in understanding the beginnings of the Chinese nation.Anthropology and historic research on North China give us a variety of information about human admixture and ethnic mixing in this area,and yet during this period,the impact of subsistence strategy shifts on human health is unclear.Stable isotope analysis(C&N)of human bones were undertaken from the Xitun cemetery(~200BC-580AD)located in Yanqing,Beijing,in combination with evidence from morphological study on human skeletons and historical records in order to discuss possible influences of the health of the ancient population when subsistence shifts appeared.Results show that people mostly consumed C4-based foods during both periods,which means millet agriculture played an important role.Compared with people living during in Han Dynasty,residents in the Northern Dynasties had a higherδ13C value,which could be closely related to agricultural measures implemented by governments during the ethnic mixing process.Increasing females height and changing death statistics in the Northern Dynasties indicate that development of agriculture may have had unexpected effects on people’s health.In our research,stable isotope analysis and physical anthropological methods provide a new aspect in understanding the fusion of mixing of ancient ethnic groups and thus reflect the beginnings of the Chinese nation.

关 键 词：民族融合 稳定同位素 营养健康 北京延庆西屯墓地 人群体质特征 

分 类 号：Q983[生物学—人类学]