生物熏蒸--环境友好型土壤熏蒸技术  

Biofumigation-an environment-friendly soil fumigation technology

作　　者：张大琪 颜冬冬[1,2] 方文生 黄斌[1] 王献礼[1] 王晓宁 李雄亚[3] 王倩 靳茜 李园 欧阳灿彬[1,2] 王秋霞[4] 曹坳程 ZHANG Daqi;YAN Dongdong;FANG Wensheng;HUANG Bin;WANG Xianli;WANG Xiaoning;LI Xiongya;WANG Qian;JIN Xi;LI Yuan;OUYANG Canbin;WANG Qiuxia;CAO Aocheng(Institute of Plant Protection,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100193,China;Beijing Innovation Consortium of Agriculture Research System,Beijing 100193,China;FECO,Foreign Environmental Cooperation Center,Beijing 100135,China;IPPCAAS-BU Joint Research Centre for Soil Remediation,Baoding University,Baoding 071000,Hebei Province,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院植物保护研究所,北京100193 [2]现代农业产业技术体系北京市创新团队,北京100193 [3]生态环境部对外合作与交流中心,北京100035 [4]中国农业科学院植物保护研究所-保定学院土壤修复联合中心,河北保定071000

出　　处：《农药学学报》2020年第1期11-18,共8页Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0201600);国家自然科学基金(41601267).

摘　　要：根据"蒙特利尔议定书"要求,防治土传病害效果优异的溴甲烷已于2015年全面退出农业领域(除必要用途豁免外),环境友好型的生物熏蒸技术作为最具发展前景的溴甲烷非化学替代措施而受到普遍关注。文章主要综述了生物熏蒸的作用机理:产生挥发性活性物质及提高土壤温度;介绍了生物熏蒸对腐霉菌、疫霉菌、尖孢镰刀菌等土传病害以及线虫的防治作用;同时阐述了生物熏蒸对土壤中氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)、pH值等土壤理化性质以及作物生长指标和产量的影响,阐明了生物熏蒸材料的选择以及施用熏蒸材料时的环境条件是影响生物熏蒸效果的两个主要因素。作者认为,由于受生物熏蒸材料自身的限制,目前将生物熏蒸技术与其他技术相结合,如生物熏蒸与化学熏蒸轮用等,依然具有广阔的研究应用前景。According to the requirements of the"Montreal Protocol",methyl bromide(MB),which has an excellent effect on the soil-borne diseases,has been phased out completely from agriculture(except for critical use exemptions)in 2015.Thereafter,environmenta-friendly biofumigation technology has received widespread attention as the most promising non-chemical alternative to MB.Recent mechanism studies of biofumigation was summarized in this review,including the production of volatile active substances and the increase of the soil temperature.The inhibitory effects of biofumigation on soil-borne pests and diseases such as Pythium,Phytophthora,Fusarium oxysporum and nematodes were also reviewed.At the same time,the effects of biofumigation on soil physico-chemical properties,such as nitrogen(N),phosphorus(P),potassium(K)and pH,crop growth indicators and yields were also summarized.In general,the choice of biofumigation materials and the environmental conditions while applying the fumigated materials were two main factors which affected the performance of biofumigation.Due to the limitations of biofumigant materials,the combination of biofumigation technology and other technologies,like chemical fumigation,would still be of great application potential and a hot research field.

关 键 词：土壤熏蒸 生物熏蒸 土传病害 溴甲烷 环境友好 微生物群落结构 作物产量 

分 类 号：S482.6[农业科学—农药学] S472[农业科学—植物保护]