防治白菜根肿病的新型海洋微生物农药——解淀粉芽孢杆菌Txc2-1可湿性粉剂配方优化及药效研究  

Formulation optimization of the wettable powder of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens:a novel marine microbial pesticide for the control of cabbage clubroot

作　　者：张致军 罗远婵[1] 章真 李淑兰 田黎 杨佩文[3] 李元广[1] ZHANG Zhijun;LUO Yuanchan;ZHANG Zhen;LI Shulan;TIAN Li;YANG Peiwen;LI Yuanguang(State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering,East China University of Science and Technology,Shanghai 200237,China;Shanghai Zeyuan Marine Biotechnology Co.,Ltd.,Shanghai 200237,China;Institute of Agriculture Environment and Resources,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Kunming 650000,China)

机构地区：[1]华东理工大学生物反应器工程国家重点实验室,上海200237 [2]上海泽元海洋生物技术有限公司,上海200237 [3]云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所,昆明650000

出　　处：《农药学学报》2020年第1期145-153,共9页Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目子课题(2017YFD0201107-2-3);生物反应器工程国家重点实验室自主课题资助.

摘　　要：根肿病是十字花科作物的全球性重大病害之一,但可供选择的防治药剂非常有限。以本课题组筛选出的一株对十字花科白菜根肿病具有显著拮抗作用的海洋生境芽孢杆菌Txc2-1为研究对象,通过对载体和助剂的筛选以及采用混料设计确定Txc2-1可湿性粉剂最优配方,同时运用制备的30亿CFU/g可湿性粉剂进行盆栽试验和田间药效的考察。结果表明:Txc2-1可湿性粉剂最佳载体为轻质碳酸钙,最佳润湿剂为十二烷基硫酸钠,最佳悬浮剂为聚乙烯醇(PVA),这3种物质与Txc2-1菌株有较高的生物相容性,且具有良好的理化性能。通过混料设计确定其最优配比为m(轻质碳酸钙):m(十二烷基硫酸钠):m(PVA)=83:9:8。利用5 L罐培养液及上述配方进行喷雾干燥获得了30亿CFU/g Txc2-1可湿性粉剂(Txc2-1 WP);进一步盆栽(40 d)和田间(60 d)药效试验结果表明,Txc2-1 WP对白菜根肿病的防效分别达70.53%和66.84%。该解淀粉芽孢杆菌Txc2-1可湿性粉剂达到了国家质量标准,对白菜根肿病具有良好的防治效果,本研究结果为将Txc2-1开发成首个防治根肿病的海洋微生物杀菌剂奠定了基础。Clubroot is one of the major global diseases of cruciferous crops,but the available pesticide against it is very limited.A marine habitat Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Txc2-1,which was isolated by our research group possessed a significant antagonistic effect on the clubroot of cruciferous cabbage.After the screening of the carrier and adjuvant followed by the optimization with the mixture design,the optimal formulation of the wettable powder of Txc2-1(Txc2-1 WP)was obtained.Meanwhile,the 3 billion CFU/g Txc2-1 wettable powder was prepared and applied in the investigation of the control efficacy against cabbage clubroot in the green house and field.Results showed that the optimal carrier,wetting agent and suspending agent for Txc2-1 WP were light calcium carbonate(LCA),sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS),and polyvinyl alcohol(PVA),respectively.All of them possessed high biocompatibility with Txc2-1 and good physical and chemical properties.Subsequently,The optimum ratio of LCA,SDS and PVA was 83:9:8 obtained by the mixture design.According to the above formulation,the 3 billion CFU/g Txc2-1 WP was obtained using 5 L fermentor and spray drying tower.The control efficacy of Txc2-1 WP on the clubroot of cruciferous cabbage was tested in green house(for40 days)and field experiments(for 60 days),and the control efficacies were 70.53%and 66.8%,respectively.This Txc2-1 WP met the state quality standards and performed good control efficacy against cabbage clubroot.The above results have provided a foundation for developing Txc2-1 WP as the first marine microbial fungicide against cabbage clubroot.

关 键 词：根肿病 海洋微生物 微生物农药 解淀粉芽孢杆菌 可湿性粉剂 混料设计 防治效果 

分 类 号：TQ450.6[化学工程—农药化工] S482.292[农业科学—农药学]