套种平托花生对剑麻园不同层次土壤水分和氮磷钾的影响  

Effects of Interplanting Arachis pintoi on Soil Moisture,Mineral Nitrogen,Available Phosphorus and Available Potassium in Sisal Orchard

作　　者：刘芳[1] 江家泉 黄标 张立丹[1] 孙少龙 樊小林[1] LIU Fang;JIANG Jiaquan;HUANG Biao;ZHANG Lidan;SUN Shaolong;FAN Xiaolin(College of Resources and Environment,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou,Guangdong 510642,China;Dongfanghong Farm,Zhanjiang State Farms,Leizhou,Guangdong 524251,China)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学资源环境学院,广东广州510642 [2]湛江农垦东方红农场,广东雷州524251

出　　处：《中国麻业科学》2020年第1期24-30,共7页Plant Fiber Sciences in China

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0201100);省级重大科研项目(2016KZDXM029)。

摘　　要：采集2个剑麻园套种平托花生与不套种、套种4个月和9个月4种种植模式的0~20 cm、20~40 cm和40~60 cm 3个层次土壤样品,对比分析土壤的水分、矿质氮、速效磷和速效钾变化。结果表明,套种平托花生可以提高不同层次土壤含水量,保水性能优良,其中0~20 cm层次土壤保水效果最好。套种平托花生时间越长,地表覆盖度越大,0~20 cm土壤保水性能越好。剑麻园套种平托花生且不增加施肥量的情况下,0~20 cm、20~40 cm^2个层次土壤的矿质氮和速效磷,20~40 cm、40~60 cm^2个层次土壤的速效钾含量均显著降低;无套种平托花生剑麻园,0~20 cm、20~40 cm和40~60 cm^3个土层矿质氮、速效磷和速效钾含量随土层深度依次降低,而套种平托花生剑麻园,20~40 cm和40~60 cm土层矿质氮、速效磷和速效钾含量无差异,但显著低于0~20 cm土层的;套种平托花生0~60 cm土层矿质氮、速效磷和速效钾含量明显降低,平托花生和剑麻争夺氮磷钾养分。剑麻园套种平托花生时,为了维持土壤氮磷钾水平,避免平托花生和剑麻争夺养分,应适当增加氮磷钾施用量。Soil samples from 0-20 cm,20-40 cm and 40-60 cm layers were collected from sisal orchard with and without interplanting Arachis pintoi and sisal orchard interplanting Arachis pintoi for four months and nine months.The changes of soil moisture,mineral nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium were compared and analyzed.The results showed that interplanting Arachis pintoi could improve different layer soil water moisture and had excellent soil and water retention properties.Soil water retention effect of 0-20 cm layer was the best.The longer the interplanting time of Arachis pintoi,the greater the surface coverage,the better the water retention properties of 0-20 cm soil.Under the condition of interplanting Arachis pintoi in Sisal orchard and not increasing fertilizer application,the contents of mineral nitrogen and available phosphorus 0-20 cm,20-40 cm layers soil,available potassium in 20-40 cm,40-60 cm layers soil decreased significantly.The contents of mineral nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium in 0-20 cm,20-40 cm and 40-60 cm soil layers of sisal orchard without interplanting Arachis pintoi decreased with the depth of soil layer.The contents of mineral nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium in 20-40 cm and 40-60 cm soil layers of sisal orchard interplanting Arachis pintoi did not differ,but were significantly lower than those in 0-20 cm.After interplanting Arachis pintoi,mineral nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium in 0-60 cm soil layer decreased significantly,and Arachis pintoi and sisal competed for nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium nutrients.When interplanting Arachis pintoi in sisal orchard,in order to maintain the level of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in soil and avoid competing for nutrients between Arachis pintoi and sisal,the application amount of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium should be increased appropriately.

关 键 词：平托花生 剑麻园 不同层次土壤 水分 氮磷钾 

分 类 号：S563.8[农业科学—作物学] S142