miRNA的功能及其在退行性骨关节疾病和骨质疏松症中的研究进展  

Role of miRNA and Its Research Progress in Degenerative Bone and Joint Diseases and Osteoporosis

作　　者：孙浩远 刘宁[1] SUN Haoyuan;LIU Ning(Department of Orthopedic Surgery,the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University,Harbin 150001,China)

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨医科大学附属第一医院运动医学科,哈尔滨150001

出　　处：《医学综述》2020年第4期641-645,共5页Medical Recapitulate

基　　金：黑龙江省科学基金(QC2016117)。

摘　　要：退行性骨关节疾病与骨质疏松症是高发的运动系统疾病,其病理生理学本质为关节软骨细胞的凋亡、以Ⅱ型胶原和蛋白聚糖为主的细胞外基质的降解以及由骨细胞介导的骨形成和破骨细胞负责的骨吸收之间的动态平衡被打破,在中老年人群中高发。近年的研究多从影响骨与软骨代谢的分子生物学方面入手,其中微RNA(miRNA)是一类非蛋白质的新型基因表达调控因子,对真核生物基因表达起非常重要的调控作用。多种miRNA在成骨、破骨细胞增殖和骨与软骨的代谢以及骨关节炎的发生、发展过程中起重要的调控作用。Degenerative bone and joint disease and osteoporosis are motor system diseases,the pathophysiological nature of which is apoptosis of articular chondrocytes and extracellular collagen and degradation of extracellular matrix mainly composed of type Ⅱ collagen and proteoglycan,the breaking of dynamic balance between bone cell-mediated bone formation and bone resorption by osteoclasts,presenting a high incidence in the middle-aged and elderly population. In recent years,more and more studies have started from the molecular biology that affects bone and cartilage metabolism,and microRNA( miRNA) is a newly discovered type of non-protein gene expression regulator,which plays an important role in the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression. Many types of miRNA play important regulatory role in the proliferation of osteoblasts and osteoclasts,bone and cartilage metabolism,and development of osteoarthritis.

关 键 词：微RNA 骨性关节炎 软骨退变 骨质疏松症 

分 类 号：R34[医药卫生—基础医学]