黄河上游地区降水雨滴谱特征分析  

A Study on the Distribution of Raindrop Size in the Upper Yellow River

作　　者：韩辉邦 张博越 马守存 田建兵 康晓燕[1,3] HAN Huibang;ZHANG Boyue;MA Shoucun;TIAN Jianbing;KANG Xiaoyan(Key Laboratory of Disaster Preventing and Reducing of Qinghai Province,Xining 810001,China;Qinghai Meteorological Service Center,Xining 810000,China;Weather Modification Office of Qinghai Province,Xining 810001,China)

机构地区：[1]青海省防灾减灾重点实验室,青海西宁810001 [2]青海省气象服务中心,青海西宁810001 [3]青海省人工影响天气办公室,青海西宁810001

出　　处：《沙漠与绿洲气象》2019年第6期119-125,共7页Desert and Oasis Meteorology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41665008,41565008)。

摘　　要：利用黄河上游地区不同降水云系31次降水的激光雨滴谱仪观测资料,对不同云系降水雨滴物理参量特征及滴谱的演变特征进行统计分析。结果表明:在黄河上游地区,层状云系降水和混合云系降水雨滴粒子呈单峰型分布,对流云系降水雨滴粒子呈双峰型分布。层状云系降水雨滴粒径峰值出现在0.4 mm,粒径范围较窄,雨滴数密度最大;对流云系降水雨滴粒径峰值出现在0.8 mm,粒径分布范围较宽,雨滴数密度最小;混合云系降水雨滴粒径峰值和粒径分布范围介于两者之间。雨滴各微物理参量(平均直径、均方根直径、平均体积直径、中值直径和体积中值直径)由大到小排序依次为对流云降水、混合云降水和层状云降水。降雨强度和雨滴数密度变化趋势一致,对流云和混合云降水强度和雨滴粒子数浓度有较好的相关性。通过雨滴谱特征的研究,有利于认识该地区降水微物理特性及成雨机制,为实施科学人工增雨提供一定的科学依据。Based on the raindrop data derived from laser raindrop spectrometer in the upper Yellow River,the microphysical characteristics and laser raindrop spectrograph varying with time in three kinds of precipitation were analyzed,according to different precipitation cloud system,the values of microphysical characteristics were compared.The results showed that the laser raindrop spectrograph for stratiform cloud precipitation processes presented unimodal type while the convective clouds precipitation processes presented bimodal type.The peak structure of raindrop spectrum is mainly around 0.4 mm in stratiform clouds while the convective cloud is mainly around 0.8 mm.The main value of diameters in convective clouds precipitation are larger than the other two cloud system,and the value in mixed cloud precipitation is bigger than that in stratiform clouds.The study on raindrop size distribution is helpful to further understand the mechanism and microphysical characteristics of precipitation over the upper Yellow River.

关 键 词：激光雨滴谱 降水云系 微物理参数 黄河上游 

分 类 号：P426[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]