空气湿度对富士系苹果花过冷却点的影响  

Effects of air humidity on super cooling point of Fuji apple flowers

作　　者：王静[1,2,3] 李红英[1,2,3] 马国飞 段晓凤[1,4] 张晓煜 WANG Jing;LI Hongying;MA Guofei;DUAN Xiaofeng;ZHANG Xiaoyu(Key Laboratory for Meteorological Disaster Monitoring and Early Warning and Risk Management of Characteristic Agriculture in Arid Regions,China Meteorological Administration,Yinchuan 750002,Ningxia,China;Ningxia Key Lab for Meteorological Disaster Prevention and Reduction,Yinchuan 750002,Ningxia,China;Ningxia Meteorological Science Institute,Yinchuan 750002,Ningxia,China;Inner Mongolia Ecological and Agricultural Meteorological Center,Hohhot 010051,Inner Mongolia,China)

机构地区：[1]中国气象局旱区特色农业气象灾害监测预警与风险管理重点实验室,宁夏银川750002 [2]宁夏气象防灾减灾重点实验室,宁夏银川750002 [3]宁夏气象科学研究所,宁夏银川750002 [4]内蒙古自治区生态与农业气象中心,内蒙古呼和浩特010051

出　　处：《经济林研究》2020年第1期225-230,共6页Non-wood Forest Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41565006)。

摘　　要：【目的】明确不同湿度条件下富士系苹果花过冷却点的分布频率,为苹果霜冻监测和预测提供参考。【方法】以中国种植最广泛的富士系苹果为研究对象,使用人工霜冻试验箱控制温湿度,模拟霜冻降温过程,设置高、中、低3个湿度范围,对富士系苹果花蕾和花朵子房过冷却点进行监测,研究环境相对湿度对富士系苹果花器官过冷却点的影响。【结果】富士系苹果花蕾和花朵子房过冷却点在-6.4^-1.9 ℃,50%的过冷却点集中在-4.4^-3.5 ℃,80%的过冷却点集中在-4.4^-2.5 ℃,平均过冷却点为-3.7 ℃。苹果花蕾和花朵子房的累积冻害率达到30%(轻度)的温度为-3.2 ℃,累积冻害率达到50%(中度)的温度为-3.6 ℃,累积冻害率达到80%(重度)的温度为-4.2 ℃。花蕾过冷却点的变异大于花朵子房过冷却点,不同湿度处理下花蕾和花朵子房过冷却点差异显著。中湿(相对湿度50%~70%)条件下,过冷却点最高,抗寒性最差,而低湿(相对湿度50%以下)和高湿(相对湿度大于70%)处理均可降低植株的过冷却点。【结论】-4.4^-2.5 ℃是富士系苹果花组织开始出现损伤的主要温度范围。干燥和高湿的环境均可降低富士系苹果花蕾和花朵的过冷却点,尤其是干燥的环境可降低苹果花蕾的过冷却点0.6 ℃,可降低苹果花朵子房的过冷却点0.4 ℃,提高苹果花蕾及花朵子房抗寒性。【Objective】To learn distribution frequency of super cooling points of Fuji apple flowers at different humidity conditions,and to provide some references for monitoring and prediction of apple frost.【Method】Temperature and humidity were controlled,and cooling process of frost was simulated by using a artificial frost test box.Three humidity grades of high,middle and low were set.Using Fuji apple as research objects,which is the most widely planted in China,super cooling point of flower bud and ovary in Fuji apple were monitored,effects of relative environment humidity on super cooling point of flower organ in ovary apple were studies.【Result】Super cooling points of flower bud and ovary in Fuji apple are from-6.4℃to-1.9℃,50%of them are concentrated in-4.4℃to-3.5℃,80%of them are concentrated in-4.4℃to-2.5℃,and average is-3.7℃.Low temperatures making cumulative freezing rates of flower bud and ovary reach 30%(mild),50%(moderate)and 80%(severe)are-3.2,-3.6 and-4.2℃,respectively.Variation of super cooling point of flower bud is greater than that of ovary.Super cooling points of flower bud and ovary have significant differences between different humidity treatments.In moderate humidity treatments(relative humidity 50%-70%),super cooling points are the highest,and cold resistance are the worst.Super cooling points of plants are reduced in low humidity(relative humidity less than 50%)and high humidity(relative humidity more than 70%)treatments.【Conclusion】Main temperature range of flower tissue damaged in Fuji apple is from-4.4℃to-2.5℃.Both dry and high humidity environment can reduce super cooling points of flower bud and ovary,especially,dry environment can respectively reduce super cooling points of flower bud and ovary by 0.6 and 0.4℃,and improve cold resistance of apple bud and ovary.

关 键 词：空气湿度 过冷却点 富士系 苹果 霜冻 指标 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]