植物抗病毒机制研究进展  

Research Progress on Plant Antiviral Mechanism

作　　者：代红艳[1] 郭巍[1] DAI Hong-yan;GUO Wei(College of Horticulture,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110161,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学园艺学院,沈阳110161

出　　处：《沈阳农业大学学报》2020年第1期1-9,共9页Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31972380)。

摘　　要：植物病毒病是一类严重影响植物生长和危害农作物生产的重要病害。病毒虽然结构简单,却变异复杂,所以一直给农业发展带来持续性的挑战。植物的先天免疫系统和RNA沉默是两种比较保守的抗病毒机制。植物的先天免疫系统包括两层,第1层是病原的相关分子模式触发的免疫,能够阻碍病毒等病原物入侵植物细胞;第2层是病原效应物触发的免疫,植物抗性蛋白能够识别病原物释放到植物细胞中的效应蛋白。这两层免疫系统的功能行使依赖于细胞膜上和细胞内的免疫受体蛋白。当病毒成功侵染植物细胞后,病毒的核酸需要利用植物的蛋白质合成系统完成自我复制,RNA沉默介导的植物抗病毒机制在此过程发挥重要的作用。病毒侵染的植物细胞内会产生病毒来源的小分子RNA(vsiRNA)。vsiRNA既可以靶向病毒RNA也可以靶向宿主转录本,引起转录后基因沉默(PTGS),也可以通过DNA甲基化、异染色质化,引起转录基因沉默。围绕先天免疫系统和RNA沉默介导的两种保守的植物抗病毒机制进行综述,旨在更好地理解植物与病毒之间的互作关系,为利用基因工程培育抗性品种和发展更有效的病毒防御策略提供思路。Plant virus disease is an important disease that seriously affects plant growth and endangers crop production. Although virus is simple in structure, it is complex in mutation, so it still poses a sustainable challenge to agricultural development. Plant innate immune system-and RNA silencing-mediated mechanisms are two relatively conservative antiviral mechanisms. The plant innate immune system contains two layers. The first layer is the immune triggered by the molecular pattern of the pathogen,which can prevent pathogens such as viruses from invading plant cells. The second layer is the immune triggered by pathogen effectors. Plant resistance proteins can recognize effector proteins released into plant cells by pathogens. The function of two layers of the immune system relies on the cell membrane and intracellular immune receptor proteins. After the virus successfully infects plant cells, the nucleic acid of the virus needs to use the plant’s protein synthesis system to complete self-replication,and RNA silencing-mediated plant antiviral mechanism plays an important role in this process. Virus-infected plant cells will produce virus-derived small interfering RNA(vsiRNA), which can target both viral RNA and host transcripts to cause post-transcriptional gene silencing, also cause transcriptional gene silencing through DNA methylation and heterochromatin. In this paper, two conserved antiviral mechanisms mediated by innate immune system and RNA silencing were reviewed in order to better understand the interaction between plants and viruses, develop resistant varieties by genetic engineering and develop more effective viral defense strategies.

关 键 词：植物 病毒 RNA沉默 先天免疫系统 

分 类 号：Q939.46[生物学—微生物学]