生物炭和腐熟秸秆组配基质对水稻幼苗生长的影响  

Research on Biochar and Rotten Straw-based Matrix on the Growth of Rice Seedlings

作　　者：文中华 刘喜雨 孟军[1] 刘遵奇 史国宏[1] WEN Zhong-hua;LIU Xi-yu;MENG Jun;LIU Zun-qi;SHI Guo-hong(Liaoning Biochar Engineering&Technology Research Center,Shenyang Agricultural University,Shenyang 110161,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学辽宁省生物炭工程技术研究中心,沈阳110161

出　　处：《沈阳农业大学学报》2020年第1期10-17,共8页Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系建设专项项目(CARS-01-46);科技部中青年科技创新领军人才项目(2017RA2211);辽宁省兴辽英才计划项目(XLYC1802094);沈阳市中青年科技创新人才支持计划项目(RC180204)。

摘　　要：为应对我国北方粳稻育苗"取土难、难取土"等问题,配制以水稻秸秆及稻壳等稻田废弃物为材料的新型水稻育苗基质,通过对基质的理化性质分析和育苗质量检测,考察新型育苗基质替代传统育苗基质草炭土的可能性。以0%、10%、20%和30%的比例(v/v)将稻壳生物炭加入由腐熟水稻秸秆(33%、40%、50%)、珍珠岩和蛭石配制成的腐熟基质中,配制成生物炭育苗基质,分析其基础性质和对水稻幼苗生长的影响,并对水稻幼苗生长指标与基质的基础理化性质及养分特性进行相关性分析。研究结果表明:生物炭与腐熟秸秆配制的育苗基质物理性状与养分特性表现良好。随着生物炭施用量的增加,基质容重降低17.9%~29.6%,总孔隙度增加36.3%~69.9%,持水孔隙度增加110.1%~143.4%,pH增加0.40~0.57。生物炭的添加显著增加了基质的全碳含量,与不施炭处理相比增加240.1%~457.3%,全氮含量增加50.0%~96.6%,有效磷含量增加19.6%~61.4%,速效钾含量增加186.3%~383.2%。但过高生物炭和腐熟秸秆用量会使育苗基质中碱解氮含量降低,导致秧苗生长受到抑制,因此,水稻秧苗综合性状表现最好的为40%秸秆+20%生物炭处理,其除氮素养分外,其他理化性质可达到商品育苗基质(CK)水平,并且育苗效果显示秧苗茎粗、根长、植株干重分别高于CK8.6%、7.8%和5.5%,可达到市售基质的育苗效果,是良好的传统育苗基质替代产品。To solve the problem of lacking rice seedling soil in northern China, we examined the effect of new matrix on rice seedling quality that prepared from rotten rice straw and rice husk biochar. In the new matrix, 0, 10%, 20% and 30% biochar(marked as C0, C10, C20 and C30 respectively) was added into the mixture including rotten rice straw(10%, 20% and 30% marked as J33, J40 and J50), perlite and vermiculite. The rice seedling quality and matrix’s physicochemical properties were examined via incubation experiment, also, the correlation between the growth index of rice seedlings and the basic physicochemical properties,nutrient characteristics of the matrix was analyzed. The results showed that the matrix has a structural and nutrient property suitable for seedling growth. With increase of biochar application rate, the bulk density of the matrix decreased by 17.9%-29.6%,the total porosity, water-holding and pH value increased by 36.3%-69.9%, 110.1%-143.4% and 0.40-0.57, respectively, when compared to C0. The addition of biochar also increased the matrix’s total nutrient content, with total carbon,nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium increased by 240.1%-457.3%, 50.0%-96.6%, 19.6%-61.4%, and 186.3%-383.2%,respectively. Among all matrix, J40B20 showed the best synthetical properties of rice seedlings,its physicochemical properties and nutrients content(exception for available and total nitrogen) showed the similar level of commercial seedling matrix(CK), the plant stem diameter, root length, plant dry weight was even 8.6%, 7.8% and 5.5% higher than commercial matrix. However,when high biochar rate was applied(30%), the matrix available N content were decreased sharply, which result in inhibited rice seeding growth.

关 键 词：生物炭 腐熟秸秆 水稻育苗基质 

分 类 号：S317[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]