超越悖谬:解读新新闻主义的双重境遇  

Beyond the Paradox:an Interpretation of the New Journalism Based on Its Contradictory Situation

作　　者：张萍 Zhang Ping(School of Marxism,Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences;School of Marxism,Shenzhen University)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院研究生院马克思主义学院,北京102488 [2]深圳大学马克思主义学院,广东518060

出　　处：《新闻界》2020年第3期80-92,共13页Journalism and Mass Communication

摘　　要：新新闻主义的理论与实践受困于双重境遇的悖谬,一方面,新新闻主义作为一种革新的新闻写作理念饱受各界争议;另一方面,新新闻主义作为一种新闻制作范式被广泛继承与实践。通过考察新新闻主义的产生缘由、目的和现状,将它放置在一个完整的历史发生链条上,作者重回质疑者对其理论与实践的四项指摘--不及时、不严肃、不客观、不真实,尝试从传统理论自身的模糊与滞后性中发现超越双重境遇的秘匙,开解新新闻主义所面临的现实悖谬:第一,被宰制的时间性规范;第二,被误读的文学化技巧;第三,被阉割的客观性原则;第四,被虚化的新闻真实性。与此同时,作者又立足当下社会语境的后真相转向,从新媒介的近身性与时间优势、传播需求的内在化与网络化、多元叙事结构与媒介可供性、后真相时代的社群真知生产四个方面论述了新新闻主义的特长和客观新闻学的短板,尝试从新媒体实践的狂飙突进中找到新新闻主义在当代广泛续存的理论依据。Both the theory and practice of the New Journalism are trapped in a contradictory situation.On the one hand,as an innovative concept of journalistic writing,the New Journalism has always been a high-disputed issue;on the other hand,the New Journalism has been widely inherited and practiced as a paradigm of news production.By observing and studying the historical causes,purposes and current situations of the New Journalism based on a complete chain of social background,the author analyzed four criticisms in theory and practice from doubters:without timeliness,specialization,objectivity and truthfulness,and then tried to find the key to solve the realistic paradox in the theoretical fuzziness and hysteresis:first,the temporal norms being dominated;second,the literary techniques being misread;third,the objective principle being castrated;fourth,the truthfulness being nihilistic.At the same time,based on the current social context described as the"post-truth era",the author discussed the strengths of the New journalism and the weaknesses of"the principle of objectivity"from four aspects:the proximity of new media with temporal advantage,the communication demand being internalized and networked,the pluralistic narrative structure and affordances of new media,the production of community truth in the post-truth era,trying to find out the theoretical basis for the prosperity of the New Journalism from the rapid progress of new media practice.

关 键 词：新新闻主义 客观性原则 后真相 媒介可供性 社群真知 

分 类 号：G206[文化科学—传播学]