基于离散选择试验的贫困地区乡镇卫生院护理人员工作偏好研究  

Job Preferences of Nurses from Township Health Centers in Poverty-stricken Areas:a Discrete Choice Experimentbased Study

作　　者：连东晴 李跃平[1] 卢若艳[1] LIAN Dongqing;LI Yueping;LU Ruoyan(Public Health School of Fujian Medical University,Fuzhou 350000,China)

机构地区：[1]福建医科大学公共卫生学院,福建省福州市350000

出　　处：《中国全科医学》2020年第11期1421-1424,共4页Chinese General Practice

基　　金：福建省科技计划软科学项目(2017R0043);福建医科大学启航基金(2016QH011)。

摘　　要：背景护理人力资源作为卫生资源的重要组成部分,对保障卫生服务质量起关键作用。我国贫困地区乡镇卫生院护理人力资源匮乏、人员流动性大且流失严重。为此,了解贫困地区乡镇卫生院护理人员工作偏好,探究如何吸引并留住乡镇卫生院护理人员对农村卫生事业发展具有重要意义。目的了解贫困地区乡镇卫生院护理人员工作偏好。方法 2017年3月21-26日选取福建省龙岩市的两个贫困县--长汀县和武平县为调查地区,每个县各随机抽取5个乡镇卫生院,对当天在岗的护士进行问卷调查。调查内容包括调查对象社会人口学特征、工作评价。使用离散选择试验方法进行工作偏好选择试验,利用Mixed Logit模型进行回归分析。结果共发放问卷145份,有效问卷122份,有效回收率为84.1%。贫困地区护理人员偏好有编制、收入高、子女教育条件好、预期服务年限长和职称晋升年限短的工作;除月收入外的所有工作属性偏好皆存在异质性,如89%的护士偏好预期服务年限长的工作,其余11%则相反;子女教育条件的货币价值最高,为4 109元/月;月收入由2 000元提升至8 000元时,护理人员的工作选择比例将提升47.90%。结论优先关注贫困地区乡镇卫生院护理人员的收入和子女教育条件,科学制定贫困地区护理人员激励措施。Background As an important part of health resources,nurses play a key role in ensuring the quality of health services.In township health centers in poverty-stricken areas of China,nurse resources are insufficient with high mobility and serious drain.So finding out job preferences of them from township health centers in poverty-stricken areas,and exploring measures to attract and retain them are of great significance to rural health development.Objective To analyze job preferences in nurses working at township health centers in poverty-stricken areas.Methods Participants were nurses who were on duty on survey days(from March 21 to March 26,2017) in 5 township health centers randomly selected from two poverty counties(Changting County and Wuping County) of Longyan City,Fujian Province.They were surveyed with a self-developed questionnaire for collecting their sociodemographic features and job evaluation.A discrete choice experiment was used to identify their work priorities.The Mixed Logit model was used for regression analysis of the data.Results Of the 145 cases receiving the survey,122(84.1%) responded effectively.The overall preferred characteristics of a job were staffing,high salary,providing good conditions for employees’ children,long expected working life,and short time stipulated for professional title promotion.The aforementioned five job attributes had heterogeneous in preference,for instance,89% of the respondents preferred a job with long working years,while the other 11% did not.Educational conditions provided for employees’ children had the highest monetary value of 4 109 yuan per month.The proportion of respondents choosing this job would increase by 47.90% when the salary raised from 2 000 yuan to 8 000 yuan per month.Conclusion Priorities should be given to the improvement of the income and children’s educational conditions of nurses working at township health centers in poverty-stricken areas,and incentives for them should be formulated scientifically.

关 键 词：护理人员 医院 乡村 工作偏好 离散选择试验 MIXED LOGIT模型 

分 类 号：R192.6[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]