分级视角下残疾人冬季两项运动的关键竞技特征分析  

Analysis of Key Competitive Characteristics of Para Biathlon from the Perspective of Disabled Persons Classification

作　　者：王润极 徐亮 阎守扶[1] 吴昊[1] WANG Runji;XU Liang;YAN Shoufu;WU Hao(Capital University of Physical Education and Sports,Beijing 100191,China)

机构地区：[1]首都体育学院,北京100191

出　　处：《首都体育学院学报》2020年第2期178-185,共8页Journal of Capital University of Physical Education and Sports

基　　金：科技部国家重点研发计划课题(2018YFF0300603)。

摘　　要：残疾人冬季两项项目竞技特征的理论研究薄弱和对残疾分级体系的认知模糊是影响我国残疾人冬季两项项目发展的关键问题。基于残疾分级视角,对有关残疾人冬季两项项目竞技特征的文献进行梳理与分析,认为:1)可通过加强我国冬季两项残疾人运动员运动技术的时效性和经济性练习,提升冬季两项残疾人运动员滑雪技术的动态平衡能力和滑行过程中的有氧代谢供能水平。2)在进行射击项目训练时,通过增加脱敏训练和电子激光靶系统训练等专项训练加强我国冬季两项残疾人运动员的射击技术稳定性和动作控制准确性。3)残疾人冬季两项竞技运动要求运动员具备良好的中枢神经系统调节能力,以最短时间激活副交感神经降低心率来提高动静转换效率,通过体能分配与技术运用等专项训练来全面提高冬季两项残疾人运动员的快速应变能力。4)冬季两项专项训练还需通过兼顾与整合2个小项相结合的训练方法来提升训练的整体效果。5)同一残疾分级的坐式运动员的不同坐姿对身体关键发力部位的肌肉募集有一定影响,在规则允许范围内,通过外部辅助和内部增强技术优化运动员竞技能力结构是冬季两项残疾人运动员达到国际水平的关键。The weak theoretical research of the sports competitive characteristics of para biathlon and the fuzzy cognitive logic of the disability classification system are the key problems that restrict the development of biathlon for the disabled in China. From the perspective of classification, the relevant literature on the competitive characteristics of the disabled biathlon event is sorted out and analyzed. The research shows that 1)the dynamic balance of skiing technology and the level of aerobic metabolism during skiing of para biathlon athletes can be improved by strengthening the timeliness of training technology and the economics of skiing. 2)During the shooting training, special trainings such as desensitization training and electronic laser target system training are added to enhance the stability of shooting technology and the accuracy of motion control of para biathlon athletes in China. 3) Disabled biathlon events require athletes to have good central nervous system adjustment, so as to activate parasympathetic nerves to reduce heart rate in the shortest time to improve the dynamic and static conversion efficiency, and to improve the rapid response of para biathlon athletes comprehensively through special training such as physical energy distribution and technology utilization capabilities sensitivity. 4) The two special training also needs to improve the integrity of training by combining the organization and implementation of the two events of para biathlon. 5) The same disabled level of sitting athletes in different sitting positions has a significant impact on the muscle recruitment of the key positions of the body. Within the allowed range of the rules, the key to reach the international level is to optimize the competitive ability structure of athletes through external assistance and internal reinforcement technology.

关 键 词：冬残奥会 残疾人冬季两项 分级 关键竞技特征 

分 类 号：G865[文化科学—体育训练]