甘肃省儿童急性下呼吸道感染病原流行病学特征  

Epidemiological characteristics of acute lower respiratory tract infection in children in Gansu Province

作　　者：曹文珮 马晶 李娟生[1] 任晓卫[1] 申希平[1] 刘小宁[1] CAO Wen-pei;MA Jing;LI Juan-sheng;REN Xiao-wei;SHEN Xi-ping;LIU Xiao-ning(School of Public Health,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州大学公共卫生学院,兰州730000

出　　处：《中华疾病控制杂志》2020年第2期128-133,共6页Chinese Journal of Disease Control & Prevention

基　　金：国家科技重大专项(2012ZX10004-208)。

摘　　要：目的了解2012-2015年甘肃省儿童急性下呼吸道感染(acute lower respiratory tract infection,ALRTI)病原流行病学特征。方法收集2012-2015年甘肃省10家哨点医院458例感染ALRTI患儿的病例监测数据,通过描述性流行病学方法分析各病毒和细菌感染状况与流行病学特征。结果458例儿童ALRTI患者中男女比例为1.81∶1,病毒的阳性检出率为33.62%(95%CI:29.28%~37.97%),其中呼吸道合胞病毒的阳性检出率居于首位(12.23%);细菌的阳性检出率为24.84%(95%CI:20.04%~29.65%),其中分离出肺炎链球菌阳性的患者检出率最高(18.47%);不同性别儿童病毒阳性检出率与细菌阳性检出率均没有差别(均有P>0.05);不同年龄儿童病毒阳性检出率无差别(χ~2=5.980,P=0.050),而细菌阳性检出率不同(χ~2=12.078,P=0.002),不同季节病毒感染阳性检出率和细菌感染阳性检出率均有差异(均有P<0.05),经Logistics回归分析得,季节、年龄和哨点医院是儿童ALRTI病毒的影响因素(均有P<0.05),而哨点医院和年份是影响细菌感染的因素(均有P<0.05)。结论甘肃省0-14岁儿童ALRTI以呼吸道合胞病毒、流感病毒和副流感病毒为主,细菌感染以肺炎链球菌和流感嗜血杆菌为主,其中病毒感染人数较细菌感染人数多,病毒和细菌感染存在相同的发病高峰。Objective To analyze the pathogenic epidemiological characteristics of acute lower respiratory tract infection(ALRTI)in children in Gansu Province from 2012 to 2015.Methods The surveillance data of 458 children infected with ALRTI in 10 sentinel hospitals in Gansu province from 2012 to 2015 were collected,and infection status and epidemiological characteristics of each virus and bacteria were analyzed by descriptive study methods.Results The male to female ratio of the 458 children with ALRTI was 1.81:1,and the positive detection rate of the virus was 33.62%(95%CI:29.28%-37.97%),among which the positive detection rate of respiratory syncytial virus was the highest(12.23%).The positive detection rate of bacteria was 24.84%(95%CI:20.04%-29.65%),among which the positive detection rate of streptococcus pneumoniae was the highest(18.47%).There was significant no difference in the positive detection rate of virus and bacteria between children of different genders(P>0.05).There was significant no difference in the positive detection rate of virus among children of different age groups(χ~2=5.980,P=0.050),but the positive detection rate of bacteria was different(χ~2=12.078,P=0.002).Positive detection rates of virus infection and bacterial infection were different in distinct seasons(all P<0.05).By using logistics regression analysis,season,age and sentinel hospital were the influencing factors of ALRTI virus infection in children(all P<0.05),and sentinel hospital and years were the influencing factors of ALRTI bacterial infection in children(all P<0.05).Conclusion Respiratory syncytial virus,influenza virus and parainfluenza were the main causes of ALRTI virus infection in children aged 0-14 years in Gansu province,and the main bacterial infections were streptococcus pneumoniae and haemophilus influenzae,the number of virus infection was more than that of bacterial infection.Viral and bacterial infection had the same peak incidence.

关 键 词：病原 流行病学特征 儿童急性下呼吸道感染 

分 类 号：R18I[医药卫生—流行病学]