丘陵坡地自吸式绿豆精密排种器设计与试验  

Design and Experiment of Self-suction Mung Bean Precision Seed Metering Device

作　　者：贾洪雷[1,2] 张胜伟 陈天佑 赵佳乐 郭明卓[1] 袁洪方 JIA Honglei;ZHANG Shengwei;CHEN Tianyou;ZHAO Jiale;GUO Mingzhuo;YUAN Hongfang(College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China;Key Laboratory of Bionics Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China)

机构地区：[1]吉林大学生物与农业工程学院,长春130025 [2]吉林大学工程仿生教育部重点实验室,长春130025

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2020年第3期51-60,共10页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0701102);国家自然科学基金项目(51705191);吉林省自然科学基金项目(20180101090JC)。

摘　　要：为降低排种器倾斜状态对充种性能的影响,满足丘陵坡地精密播种作业的需求,设计了一种自吸式绿豆精密排种器。通过分析种子受力状态与计算吸附单粒种子的真空度,确定了勺式型孔与往复式吸气装置的主要结构参数。运用多体动力学软件ADAMS对往复式吸气装置进行了运动学仿真,得出活塞位移和速度随时间的变化曲线,证明了该装置设计的合理性。将充种层高度固定为70 mm,转速分别固定为115、125 r/min,排种器左右倾斜角(倾向种腔方向为负)分别选取-12°、-6°、0°、6°、12°,对3种排种盘进行了对比试验,结果表明,本文所设计的勺式型孔有助于在左右倾斜状态下辅助充种;选取排种轴转速、充种层高度为试验因素,以漏播指数、重播指数、合格指数为试验指标,进行了两因素五水平旋转组合设计试验,并利用Design-Expert软件对试验数据进行了分析,结果表明:当排种轴转速为138 r/min、充种层高度为65 mm时,漏播指数为2.97%,重播指数为3.43%,合格指数为93.58%,各指标均符合国标要求。通过验证试验得到实测值与回归模型预测值的漏播指数相对误差为4.4%,重播指数相对误差为2.6%,合格指数相对误差为0.2%,与寻优结果基本一致,证明了回归模型的合理性。Aiming to meet the requirement of precision seeding operations in hill sloping fields and decrease the impacts of rightward or leftward inclination of metering devices on seed-filling quality,a self-suction mung bean precision seed metering device was designed.The structural parameters of spoon-shaped holes were determined through analysis of seed forces.The structural parameters of reciprocating suction devices were determined through calculating the vacuum degree of adsorbed single seeds.Kinematic simulation of the reciprocating suction device on the multi-body dynamics software ADAMS uncovered the temporal curves of the piston displacement and velocity.Then the simulation results were validated to be reliable.The seed-filling layer height was fixed at 70 mm and the rotation speeds were fixed at 115 r/min and 125 r/min,while the right and left inclination angles were set at-12°,-6°,0°,6°or 12°(direction inclined to the seed chamber was negative).Comparison of three types of seed plates showed the spoon-shaped holes designed here facilitated the auxiliary seed filling under the left and right inclined status.Two-factor and five-level horizontal rotation combinations were designed and tested,involving factors of metering shaft rotation speed and filling layer height,and the indices of missing index,multiple index and qualified index.Then the test data were analyzed on Design-Expert.The missing index and qualified index were both more significantly affected by the metering shaft rotation speed than by the filling layer height.The multiple index was more considerably impacted by the filling layer height than by the metering shaft speed.At the metering shaft speed of 138 r/min and the filling layer height of 65 mm,the missing index,multiple index and qualified index were 2.97%,3.43%and 93.58%respectively,which all met the national standards.The seed metering device can be referred during the design of precision seed metering devices in the future.Finally,the measured and predicted values of the regression model

关 键 词：绿豆 精密排种器 自吸 丘陵山区 

分 类 号：S223.25[农业科学—农业机械化工程]