我国水污染物排放等量减量置换制度的完善  

Improvement of Equal and Reduced Replacement System for Water Pollutants Discharge in China

作　　者：于铭 Yu Ming

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学法学院,青岛266100

出　　处：《中州学刊》2020年第2期53-58,共6页Academic Journal of Zhongzhou

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“环境质量目标主义视角下水污染防治法的完善”(16YJC820043)。

摘　　要：为落实总量控制制度、弥补区域限批制度的缺陷,《水污染防治行动计划》提出建立水污染物排放等量减量置换制度,要求新建、改建和扩建项目的新增水污染物排放量应等于或小于淘汰项目削减的水污染物排放量。现行置换制度缺少对置换应遵循的基本原则、置换的标准和程序等核心问题的规定,也没有厘清置换制度与总量控制体系下其他制度之间的关系。借鉴同样按照置换思路设计的美国湿地“零减损”制度,我国应完善水污染物排放等量减量置换制度,将“零增加”确立为置换的约束性目标,将环境影响评价作为置换的前置程序,确立科学的置换标准,设置灵活的置换方式,构建置换后评估与监督机制。In order to implement the total amount control system of water pollutants discharge and make up for the defects of the regional limited approval system,the Action Plan on the Prevention and Control of Water Pollution proposes to establish the equal and reduced amount replacement system for water pollutant discharge,which requires that the newly added water pollutant discharge of new construction,reconstruction and expansion projects should be equal to or less than that of the eliminated projects.There are two problems in the current replacement system.One is the lack of provisions on the core issues such as the basic principles,standards and procedures to be followed in the replacement,and the other is the lack of clear relationship between the replacement system and other systems under the total amount control system.In reference to the"zero loss"system of wetlands in the United States,which is also designed according to the idea of replacement,China should improve the replacement system of equal and reduced replacement of water pollutants,establish"zero increase"as the binding goal of replacement,take environmental impact assessment as a preposition procedure,establish scientific replacement standards,set flexible replacement methods,and build a post-evaluation mechanism.

关 键 词：总量控制 区域限批 水污染防治 等量减量置换 零增加 

分 类 号：D922.68[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]