基于活塞传热与强度分析的内冷油腔的优化  

Optimization of Cooling Gallery Based on Heat Transfer and Strength of Piston

作　　者：雷基林[1] 杨永忠[1,2] 邓晰文[1] 代国雄 杨振东[2] 吴涛[2] Lei Jilin;Yang Yongzhong;Deng Xiwen;Dai Guoxiong;Yang Zhendong;Wu Tao(Kunming University of Science and Technology,Yunnan Province Key Laboratory of Internal Combustion Engines,Kunming 650500;Yun Nei Power Co.,Ltd.,Kunming 650200)

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学,云南省内燃机重点实验室,昆明650500 [2]昆明云内动力股份有限公司,昆明650200

出　　处：《汽车工程》2020年第3期323-329,共7页Automotive Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51366006和51665021)资助。

摘　　要：采用内冷油腔冷却可显著加强活塞的传热,但也会影响活塞头部的强度。为系统研究活塞结构与位置参数对活塞传热与结构强度的影响,优化内冷油腔的型式与其在活塞中的位置,以一款高压共轨柴油机活塞为研究对象,结合活塞的温度场测试,建立了活塞流固耦合传热有限元模型,对活塞的传热与结构强度进行了分析。在此基础上,采用正交试验设计法,分析内冷油腔的型式、距顶面距离和表面积3个因素对活塞传热与强度的影响。结果表明:3个因素对最高温度的影响基本相当,但其中表面积的影响最大,距顶面距离稍小,型式的影响最小。适当减小油腔的表面积可改善活塞顶面受热和油腔、回油孔和销座位置的应力集中,并减小变形量。Internal cooling gallery can strengthen the heat transfer of piston greatly,but also affect the strength of piston head.In order to systemically study the effects of the structural and positional parameters on the heat transfer and structural strength of piston,and optimize the type of cooling gallery and its position in piston,the piston of a high pressure common rail diesel engine is taken as the object of study,a liquid-solid coupled heat-transfer finite element model of piston is built based on its temperature field measurement,and the heat transfer and structural strength of piston are analyzed.On this basis,the orthogonal design of experiment is adopted to analyze the effects of three factors,i.e.the type,the distance from its geometric center to the top plane of piston and the surficial area of cooling gallery,on the heat transfer and structural strength of piston.The results show that the effects of three factors have no significant difference,but in which the surficial area has the most influence,the distance from its geometric center to the top plane of piston has slightly less influence and its type has the least effect.Appropriately reducing the surficial area of cooling gallery can improve the thermal load of piston head and the stress concentration in cooling gallery,oil return hole and pin boss,and reduce deformations.

关 键 词：柴油机 活塞 内冷油腔 热传导 强度 

分 类 号：TK403[动力工程及工程热物理—动力机械及工程]