基于GIS的城市公园避雨设施可达性研究--以福州沙滩公园为例  

Research on the Accessibility of Rain Shelter Facilities in Urban Parks:A Case Study of Fuzhou Beach Park

作　　者：戴忠炜 洪昕晨[1] 潘明慧[1] 李霄鹤[1] 兰思仁[2] DAI Zhongwei;HONG Xinchen;PAN Minghui;LI Xiaohe;LAN Siren

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学园林学院,福州350002 [2]福建农林大学,福州350002

出　　处：《中国园林》2020年第2期101-105,共5页Chinese Landscape Architecture

基　　金：第一批双创人才第一阶段支持经费项目(编号115-K8615001A);福建省中青年教师教育科研项目(编号JT180108、JAS180117)共同资助。

摘　　要：公园避雨设施作为城市公园内部重要的组成部分,应对突发降雨和台风等气象,对游客起着避雨停留、保障安全的关键作用。以福州沙滩公园为例,基于GIS的费用加权距离法,结合青年人、中年人、老年人这3个群体在公园不同路面上的行进时间成本,分析了公园避雨设施对应3个群体的可达性与服务情况。结果表明:1)基于费用加权距离法,对公园不同路面赋予时间成本,从而分析避雨设施的可达性,此方法能准确地评价城市公园避雨设施的服务情况;2)福州沙滩公园的避雨设施可达性较好,青年人、中年人、老年人在0~30s内能到达避雨设施的区域分别占公园可行走面积的86.86%、84.27%和75.61%,占据了大部分服务区域;3)福州沙滩公园的避雨设施服务能力较好,可以同时承载1 584人进行避雨,接近公园最大游人容量的90%。城市公园避雨设施可达性研究是衡量公园绿地服务功能的有效手段之一,以期为公园建设者合理规划布局公园内部设施提供参考。As an important part of urban park, rain shelter facilities play a key role in avoiding rain and typhoon, aiming to ensure the safety of tourists. Taking Fuzhou Beach Park as an example, this paper combines the travel time cost of the young people, middleaged and elderly people on the different pavements of the park with the cost-weighted distance method based on GIS to analyze the reachability of rain shelter facilities and service situation. The results show that: 1) Based on the cost-weighted distance method, time cost is assigned to different road surfaces in the park to analyze the accessibility of rain shelter facilities. This method can accurately evaluate the service situation of rain shelter facilities in urban parks. 2) The rain shelter faciltities of Fuzhou Beach Park are relatively accessible. The areas where the young people, middleaged people, and elderly people can reach the rain shelter facilities in 0-30 s account for 86.86%, 84.27%, and 75.61% of the parkwalkable areas respectively. 3) the rain shelter facilities of Fuzhou Beach Park has a good service capacity, and can carry 1584 people to shelter at the same time, about 90% of the park’s largest tourist capacity. The research on the accessibility of rain shelter facilities in urban park is one of the effective means to measure the green space service function of the park, so as to provide reference for park builders to plan and layout the park’s internal facilities.

关 键 词：风景园林 公园避雨设施 可达性 GIS 

分 类 号：TU986[建筑科学—城市规划与设计]