区块链性能扩展与安全研究  

Research on Blockchain Performance Scalability and Security

作　　者：毛志来 刘亚楠 孙惠平[1] 陈钟[1] MAO Zhilai;LIU Yanan;SUN Huiping;CHEN Zhong(School of Software and Microelectronics,Peking University,Beijing 102600,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学软件与微电子学院,北京102600

出　　处：《信息网络安全》2020年第3期56-64,共9页Netinfo Security

基　　金：国家自然科学基金[61672060];中国人保财险灾害研究基金[2018B09]。

摘　　要：区块链是一种由所有成员共同维护的分布式账本,难以篡改是其主要特征,能够实现在不依赖第三方可信机构的开放网络中建立信任。如今,越来越多的应用场景尝试使用区块链,但实际使用中存在性能效率低下、扩展性差等比较显著的问题,难以满足业务发展的需要。因此,解决区块链的性能扩展性问题、提高区块链性能,是区块链发挥其潜力的重要前提。区块链的性能扩展性问题已经引起了学术界和产业界的广泛关注。文章描述了区块链性能问题的现状,根据区块链里的交易处理流程,从交易、区块和共识3个方面对性能问题进行了分析建模,总结了经典的区块链性能扩展机制和近期提出的一些区块链性能扩展机制的原理、特征及安全性,讨论了性能扩展的场景性和分布式账本新技术,并思考了下一步性能扩展研究应着重解决的问题。Blockchain is a distributed ledger that is jointly maintained by all members.Its main feature is that it is difficult to tamper.It can build trust in an open network that does not rely on third-party trusted organizations.Nowadays,more and more application scenarios are trying to use blockchain,but the obvious problems in actual use are that the performance is low and the scalability is poor,which is difficult to meet the needs of business development.Therefore,solving the performance scalability problem of blockchain and improving the performance of blockchain are important prerequisites for blockchain to exert its potential.The performance scalability problem of blockchain has attracted wide attention in academia and industry.Based on the transaction processing flow in blockchain,this paper describes the current status of blockchain performance problems,analyzes and models the performance problems from three aspects of transactions,blocks and consensus,summarizes the principles,characteristics and security of classic blockchain performance scalability mechanisms and some recently proposed blockchain performance scalability mechanisms,discusses the scenario of performance scalability and new distributed ledger technologies,and considers the problems to be solved in the next step of performance scalability research.

关 键 词：区块链 性能问题分析 性能扩展机制 

分 类 号：TP309[自动化与计算机技术—计算机系统结构]